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ADJ: adjective

Definition

Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. They may also function as predicates, as in

El coche es verde. “The car is green.”

In Spanish, adjectives normally follow the noun, e.g. La casa amarilla “The yellow house”, although sometimes they may also precede the noun, e.g. La blanca nieve “The white snow”.

Adjectives in Spanish agree in number and gender with the noun they modify, e.g. la casa amarilla (femenine singular), las casas amarillas (femenine plural).

The class of adjectives in Spanish UD also includes ordinal numbers and participial adjectives, both behaving as adjectives morphologically and syntactically. Note that participles are word forms that may share properties and usage of adjectives and verbs. Depending on context, they may be classified as either VERB or ADJ.

To conform to the UD guidelines, possessive adjectives are handled as determiners DET.

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Spanish)

There are 4755 ADJ lemmas (12%), 6856 ADJ types (13%) and 24895 ADJ tokens (6%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 3 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: primero, nuevo, mismo, gran, mayor, buen, principal, segundo, último, mejor

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: gran, primera, primer, mismo, mayor, nuevo, estadounidense, total, mejor, nacional

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: primero (ADJ 632, NOUN 45, PROPN 27, ADV 23), nuevo (ADJ 410, PROPN 40, NOUN 7, ADV 1), mismo (ADJ 320, NOUN 103, PRON 9, ADV 2), gran (ADJ 273, PROPN 47), mayor (ADJ 230, NOUN 10, PROPN 9, ADV 2, X 1), buen (ADJ 203, PROPN 4, NOUN 1), principal (ADJ 201, PROPN 3, NOUN 2), segundo (ADJ 189, NOUN 46, PROPN 27, VERB 1), último (ADJ 187, NOUN 61, PROPN 2, X 1), mejor (ADJ 186, ADV 29, NOUN 29, PROPN 3)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: primera (ADJ 242, NOUN 12), primer (ADJ 247, PROPN 1), mismo (ADJ 199, NOUN 54, PRON 3, ADV 1), mayor (ADJ 187, NOUN 4, PROPN 2, ADV 2, X 1), nuevo (ADJ 179, ADV 1), estadounidense (ADJ 151, NOUN 2), total (ADJ 134, NOUN 80), mejor (ADJ 124, ADV 29, NOUN 25), grandes (ADJ 113, NOUN 9), nueva (ADJ 115, NOUN 3)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 1.441851 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.255739).

The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “primero”: primer, primera, primeras, primero, primeros.

The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “tercero”: tercer, tercera, terceras, tercero, terceros.

The 3rd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “abierto”: abierta, abiertas, abierto, abiertos.

ADJ occurs with 5 features: es-feat/Number (24201; 97% instances), es-feat/Gender (15362; 62% instances), es-feat/VerbForm (2000; 8% instances), es-feat/NumType (941; 4% instances), es-feat/Degree (591; 2% instances)

ADJ occurs with 11 feature-value pairs: Degree=Abs, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Sup, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, NumType=Ord, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, VerbForm=Ger, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part

ADJ occurs with 33 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing (5954 tokens). Examples: gran, estadounidense, primera, total, primer, nacional, principal, importante, general, mismo

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 29 different relations: es-dep/amod (20041; 81% instances), es-dep/conj (1436; 6% instances), es-dep/root (1030; 4% instances), es-dep/nummod (895; 4% instances), es-dep/xcomp (324; 1% instances), es-dep/acl:relcl (180; 1% instances), es-dep/ccomp (160; 1% instances), es-dep/advcl (159; 1% instances), es-dep/parataxis (159; 1% instances), es-dep/case (114; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (98; 0% instances), es-dep/mwe (55; 0% instances), es-dep/csubj (41; 0% instances), es-dep/nmod (31; 0% instances), es-dep/acl (30; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (24; 0% instances), es-dep/advmod (23; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubj (22; 0% instances), es-dep/det (20; 0% instances), es-dep/dobj (17; 0% instances), es-dep/cop (13; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (11; 0% instances), es-dep/cc (3; 0% instances), es-dep/iobj (2; 0% instances), es-dep/mark (2; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubjpass (2; 0% instances), es-dep/csubjpass (1; 0% instances), es-dep/name (1; 0% instances), es-dep/neg (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (20337; 82% instances), VERB (1295; 5% instances), ADJ (1184; 5% instances), ROOT (1030; 4% instances), PROPN (541; 2% instances), PRON (195; 1% instances), SYM (77; 0% instances), X (75; 0% instances), NUM (45; 0% instances), ADP (44; 0% instances), ADV (43; 0% instances), DET (17; 0% instances), CONJ (6; 0% instances), SCONJ (4; 0% instances), AUX (2; 0% instances)

19350 (78%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

1946 (8%) ADJ nodes have one child.

1200 (5%) ADJ nodes have two children.

2399 (10%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 18.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 29 different relations: es-dep/punct (2692; 17% instances), es-dep/cop (2145; 13% instances), es-dep/nmod (2097; 13% instances), es-dep/advmod (1978; 12% instances), es-dep/conj (1640; 10% instances), es-dep/nsubj (1371; 9% instances), es-dep/cc (1287; 8% instances), es-dep/mark (536; 3% instances), es-dep/case (465; 3% instances), es-dep/advcl (435; 3% instances), es-dep/det (216; 1% instances), es-dep/csubj (174; 1% instances), es-dep/parataxis (174; 1% instances), es-dep/aux (124; 1% instances), es-dep/mwe (114; 1% instances), es-dep/amod (108; 1% instances), es-dep/acl (71; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (66; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (60; 0% instances), es-dep/neg (31; 0% instances), es-dep/dobj (24; 0% instances), es-dep/nummod (24; 0% instances), es-dep/auxpass (23; 0% instances), es-dep/acl:relcl (12; 0% instances), es-dep/nsubjpass (12; 0% instances), es-dep/ccomp (8; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (4; 0% instances), es-dep/xcomp (4; 0% instances), es-dep/iobj (2; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: VERB (3265; 21% instances), NOUN (2876; 18% instances), PUNCT (2690; 17% instances), ADV (2042; 13% instances), CONJ (1280; 8% instances), ADJ (1184; 7% instances), ADP (612; 4% instances), SCONJ (474; 3% instances), PROPN (406; 3% instances), PRON (374; 2% instances), DET (221; 1% instances), SYM (187; 1% instances), AUX (145; 1% instances), X (68; 0% instances), NUM (67; 0% instances), PART (6; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Spanish-AnCora)

There are 4797 ADJ lemmas (16%), 8207 ADJ types (19%) and 36444 ADJ tokens (7%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 3 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: primero, nuevo, último, pasado, próximo, español, gran, mayor, segundo, buen

The 10 most frequent ADJ types: pasado, primer, gran, nuevo, primera, mayor, próximo, nueva, últimos, mejor

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: primero (ADJ 813, ADV 28), último (ADJ 511, NOUN 23), pasado (ADJ 481, NOUN 76), próximo (ADJ 394, NOUN 9), español (ADJ 378, NOUN 70), mayor (ADJ 306, PROPN 3, NOUN 1), segundo (ADJ 300, NOUN 46), buen (ADJ 262, NOUN 3), mejor (ADJ 238, ADV 43, NOUN 5), general (ADJ 223, NOUN 64)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: pasado (ADJ 393, NOUN 76, VERB 50, AUX 4), primera (ADJ 271, NOUN 1), mayor (ADJ 248, PROPN 2), nueva (ADJ 201, NOUN 1), mejor (ADJ 180, ADV 42, NOUN 5), general (ADJ 179, NOUN 60), ex (ADJ 167, NOUN 27), segunda (ADJ 161, NOUN 1), español (ADJ 154, NOUN 36), grandes (ADJ 145, NOUN 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 1.710861 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.501056).

The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “buen”: buen, buena, buenas, bueno, buenos.

The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “chino”: china, chinas, chino, chino’, chinos.

The 3rd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “primero”: primer, primera, primeras, primero, primeros.

ADJ occurs with 6 features: es-feat/Number (35658; 98% instances), es-feat/Gender (24251; 67% instances), es-feat/VerbForm (6510; 18% instances), es-feat/NumType (1956; 5% instances), es-feat/AdpType (187; 1% instances), es-feat/AdvType (13; 0% instances)

ADJ occurs with 9 feature-value pairs: AdpType=Prep, AdpType=Preppron, AdvType=Tim, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, NumType=Ord, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, VerbForm=Part

ADJ occurs with 19 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing (8220 tokens). Examples: gran, mayor, pasado, mejor, general, primer, posible, primera, actual, electoral

Relations

ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 25 different relations: es-dep/amod (29512; 81% instances), es-dep/conj (1628; 4% instances), es-dep/dobj (1391; 4% instances), es-dep/root (915; 3% instances), es-dep/advmod (609; 2% instances), es-dep/ccomp (529; 1% instances), es-dep/advcl (385; 1% instances), es-dep/acl (338; 1% instances), es-dep/nsubj (269; 1% instances), es-dep/mwe (169; 0% instances), es-dep/case (166; 0% instances), es-dep/iobj (154; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (99; 0% instances), es-dep/nmod (54; 0% instances), es-dep/name (52; 0% instances), es-dep/csubj (50; 0% instances), es-dep/xcomp (46; 0% instances), es-dep/parataxis (30; 0% instances), es-dep/mark (20; 0% instances), es-dep/cc (11; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (10; 0% instances), es-dep/cop (4; 0% instances), es-dep/aux (1; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), es-dep/det (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (28092; 77% instances), VERB (3299; 9% instances), ADJ (1748; 5% instances), PROPN (1290; 4% instances), ROOT (915; 3% instances), PRON (279; 1% instances), ADP (257; 1% instances), NUM (254; 1% instances), DET (113; 0% instances), ADV (72; 0% instances), AUX (48; 0% instances), SCONJ (27; 0% instances), CONJ (23; 0% instances), SYM (18; 0% instances), PUNCT (6; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)

26045 (71%) ADJ nodes are leaves.

3723 (10%) ADJ nodes have one child.

2490 (7%) ADJ nodes have two children.

4186 (11%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 17.

Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 27 different relations: es-dep/punct (5405; 19% instances), es-dep/nmod (3689; 13% instances), es-dep/advmod (3288; 12% instances), es-dep/cop (2572; 9% instances), es-dep/dobj (1991; 7% instances), es-dep/conj (1725; 6% instances), es-dep/cc (1671; 6% instances), es-dep/nsubj (1650; 6% instances), es-dep/det (1356; 5% instances), es-dep/mark (1087; 4% instances), es-dep/case (838; 3% instances), es-dep/advcl (689; 2% instances), es-dep/aux (385; 1% instances), es-dep/neg (358; 1% instances), es-dep/csubj (357; 1% instances), es-dep/acl (324; 1% instances), es-dep/amod (284; 1% instances), es-dep/mwe (245; 1% instances), es-dep/xcomp (149; 1% instances), es-dep/name (117; 0% instances), es-dep/nummod (54; 0% instances), es-dep/ccomp (50; 0% instances), es-dep/parataxis (35; 0% instances), es-dep/compound (23; 0% instances), es-dep/dep (20; 0% instances), es-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), es-dep/auxpass:reflex (3; 0% instances)

Children of ADJ nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: NOUN (5504; 19% instances), PUNCT (5406; 19% instances), ADV (3310; 12% instances), VERB (2550; 9% instances), AUX (2178; 8% instances), ADJ (1748; 6% instances), CONJ (1697; 6% instances), PROPN (1426; 5% instances), DET (1421; 5% instances), ADP (1338; 5% instances), SCONJ (930; 3% instances), PRON (661; 2% instances), NUM (174; 1% instances), SYM (19; 0% instances), INTJ (4; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)


ADJ in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]