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Dependencies

Note: nmod, neg, and punct appear in two places.

Core dependents of clausal predicates
Nominal dep	Predicate dep
nsubj	csubj
nsubjpass	csubjpass
dobj	ccomp	xcomp
iobj

Non-core dependents of clausal predicates
Nominal dep	Predicate dep	Modifier word
nmod	advcl	advmod
		neg

Special clausal dependents
Nominal dep	Auxiliary	Other
vocative	aux	mark
discourse	auxpass	punct
expl	cop

Noun dependents
Nominal dep	Predicate dep	Modifier word
nummod	acl	amod
appos		det
nmod		neg

Compounding and unanalyzed
compound	mwe	goeswith
name	foreign

Coordination
conj	cc	punct

Case-marking, prepositions, possessive
case

Loose joining relations
list	parataxis	remnant
dislocated		reparandum

Other
Sentence head	Unspecified dependency
root	dep

Dependencies et

`acl`:
clausal modifier of noun

The dependency relation acl stands for finite and non-finite clauses that modify a nominal.

edit acl

`advcl`:
adverbial clause modifier

advcl: adverbial clause modifier

An adverbial clause modifier is a clause which modifies a verb or other predicate (adjective, etc.), as a modifier not as a core complement. This includes things such as a temporal clause, consequence, conditional clause, purpose clause, etc. Also comparative constructions are annotated using dependency relation advcl.

Ta jooksis karjudes .
nsubj(jooksis-2, Ta-1)
advcl(jooksis-2, karjudes-3)
punct(jooksis-2, .-4)

He ran shouting.

Mulle pakuti süüa , kui õhtul koolist saabusin .
nmod(pakuti-2, Mulle-1)
xcomp(pakuti-2, süüa-3)
punct(saabusin-8,-4)
sconj(saabusin-8, kui-5)
advmod(saabusin-8, õhtul-6)
nmod(saabusin-8, koolist-7)
advcl(pakuti-2, saabusin-8)
punct(saabusin-8, .-9)

I was offered something to eat, when I arrived from school in the evening

edit advcl

`advmod`:
adverbial modifier

Adverbial modifier advmod is an adverbial modifying an adverb, a verb, an adjective or a nominal.

jooksis väga kiiresti
advmod(kiiresti-3, väga-2)
advmod(jooksis-1, kiiresti-3)

ran very quickly

Kass nägi ka koera .
nsubj(nägi-2, Kass-1)
advmod(koera-4, ka-3)
dobj(nägi-2, koera-4)
punct(nägi-2, .-5)

The cat saw also the dog.

edit advmod

`amod`:
adjectival modifier

An adjectival modifier of a noun is any adjectival phrase that serves to modify the meaning of the noun.

edit amod

`appos`:
appositional modifier

An appositional modifier is a noun preceding or following the head noun that serves to define or modify that noun. Note that appositions can be both right- and left-headed in Estonian UD.

edit appos

`aux`:
auxiliary

An auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause, e.g., a modal auxiliary, or an auxiliary in a periphrastic tense. ‘olema’ and in rare occasions ‘saama’ are auxiliaries that form periphrastic tense forms. In the current version of Estonain UD, only ‘saama’, ‘võima’, ‘pidama’, ‘näima’, ‘paistma’, ‘tunduma’ are regarded as modal auxiliaries.

edit aux

`auxpass`:
passive auxiliary

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for auxpass.

edit auxpass

`case`:
case marking

case: case marking

The case relation is used to annotate prepositions and postpositions. Case-marking elements (i.e. adpositions) are treated as dependents of the noun they attach to.

Rüütel läks lossi juurde .
nsubj(läks-2, Rüütel-1)
nmod(läks-2, lossi-3)
case(lossi-3, juurde-4)
punct(läks-2, .-5)

Knight went near the castle.

edit case

`cc`:
coordinating conjunction

A cc is the relation between the first conjunct and the coordinating conjunction delimiting another conjunct.

edit cc

`ccomp`:
clausal complement

A clausal complement of a verb or adjective is a dependent clause which is a core argument.

Ma usun , et kõik läheb hästi.
nsubj(usun-2, Ma-1)
punct(usun-2, ,-3)
mark(läheb-6, et-4)
nsubj(läheb-6, kõik-5)
ccomp(usun-2, läheb-6)
advmod(läheb-6, hästi-7)
punct(usun-2, .-8)

I beleive, that everything goes well.

edit ccomp

`compound`:
compound

The dependency relation compound is used for annotating numbers written with several words or several sequences of digits or combinations of them.

60 000
compound(60-1, 000-2)
~~

~~~sdparse
kaks tuhat
compound(kaks-1, tuhat-2)

two thousand

edit compound

`conj`:
conjunct

A conjunct is the relation between two elements connected by a coordinating conjunction. Coordinated elements can be words, phrases or clauses. The head of the relation is the first conjunct and all the other conjuncts depend on it via the conj relation.

edit conj

`cop`:
copula

A copula is the relation between the complement of a copular verb and the copular verb. ‘olema’ is the only copular verb in Estonian UD. The predicative is the head of the copular clause, and also the governor of the cop dependency.

Kass on triibuline . 
nsubj:cop (triibuline-3, Kass-1)
cop (triibuline-3, on-2)
punct (triibuline-3, .-4)

Cat is striped

edit cop

`csubj`:
clausal subject

A clausal subject is a clausal syntactic subject of a clause. Both finite and non-finite clauses can act as clausal subjects.

Mulle meeldib mõelda .
nmod(meeldib-2, mulle-1)
csubj(meeldib-2, mõelda-3)
punct(meeldib-2, .-4)

I like to think.

edit csubj

`csubjpass`:
clausal passive subject

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for csubjpass.

edit csubjpass

`dep`:
unspecified dependency

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for dep.

edit dep

`det`:
determiner

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for det.

edit det

`discourse`:
discourse element

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for discourse.

edit discourse

`dislocated`:
dislocated elements

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for dislocated.

edit dislocated

`dobj`:
direct object

In Estonian, a direct object can be a noun in singular or plural nominative case, singular genitive case or singular or plural partitive case.

Kass nägi koera .
nsubj(nägi-2, Kass-1)
dobj(nägi-2, koera-3)
punct(nägi-2, .-4)

The cat saw the dog.

Öö jooksul olid hundid kolm lammast maha murdnud .
nmod(murdnud-8, Öö-1)
case(Öö-1,jooksul-2)
aux(murdnud-8,olid-3)
nsubj(murdnud-8,hundid-4)
nummod(lammast-6,kolm-5)
dobj(murdnud-8,lammast-6)
compound:prt(murdnud-8,maha-7)
punct(murdnud-8,.-9)

The wolves had killed three sheep during the night.

edit dobj

`expl`:
expletive

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for expl.

edit expl

`foreign`:
foreign words

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for foreign.

edit foreign

`goeswith`:
goes with

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for goeswith.

edit goeswith

`iobj`:
indirect object

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for iobj.

edit iobj

`list`:
list

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for list.

edit list

`mark`:
marker

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for mark.

edit mark

`mwe`:
multi-word expression

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for mwe.

edit mwe

`name`:
name

The dependency relation name is used for proper nouns constituted of multiple nominal elements. Note that names are right-headed in Estonian UD.

Arvo Pärt
name(Pärt-2, Arvo-1)

edit name

`neg`:
negation modifier

The negation modifier is the relation between a negation word and the word it modifies.

Words ‘ei’, ‘ära’ and ‘ärge’ as parts of negative verb form are annotated using this relation.

edit neg

`nmod`:
nominal modifier

The nmod relation is used for nominal modifiers. They depend either on another noun (group “noun dependents”) or on a predicate (group “non-core dependents of clausal predicates”). They can occur alone or together with an adposition in an adpositional phrase.

Rüütel läks lossi .
nsubj(läks-2, Rüütel-1)
nmod(läks-2, lossi-3)
punct(läks-2, .-4)

Knight went into the castle.

Rüütel läks lossi juurde .
nsubj(läks-2, Rüütel-1)
nmod(läks-2, lossi-3)
case(lossi-3, juurde-4)
punct(läks-2, .-5)

Knight went near the castle.

edit nmod

`nsubj`:
nominal subject

The dependency type nsubj marks nominal subjects of the non-copular clause.

Kass nägi koera .  
nsubj (nägi-2, Kass-1)
dobj (nägi-2, koera-3)
punct (nägi-2, .-4)

The cat saw the dog.

edit nsubj

`nsubjpass`:
passive nominal subject

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for nsubjpass.

edit nsubjpass

`nummod`:
numeric modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for nummod.

edit nummod

`parataxis`:
parataxis

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for parataxis.

edit parataxis

`punct`:
punctuation

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for punct.

edit punct

`remnant`:
remnant in ellipsis

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for remnant.

edit remnant

`reparandum`:
overridden disfluency

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for reparandum.

edit reparandum

`root`:
root

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for root.

edit root

`vocative`:
vocative

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for vocative.

edit vocative

`xcomp`:
open clausal complement

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for xcomp.

edit xcomp

Dependencies

acl: clausal modifier of noun

advcl: adverbial clause modifier

advmod: adverbial modifier

amod: adjectival modifier

appos: appositional modifier

aux: auxiliary

auxpass: passive auxiliary

case: case marking

cc: coordinating conjunction

ccomp: clausal complement

compound: compound

conj: conjunct

cop: copula

csubj: clausal subject

csubjpass: clausal passive subject

dep: unspecified dependency

det: determiner

discourse: discourse element

dislocated: dislocated elements

dobj: direct object

expl: expletive

foreign: foreign words

goeswith: goes with

iobj: indirect object

list: list

mark: marker

mwe: multi-word expression

name: name

neg: negation modifier

nmod: nominal modifier

nsubj: nominal subject

nsubjpass: passive nominal subject

nummod: numeric modifier

parataxis: parataxis

punct: punctuation

remnant: remnant in ellipsis

reparandum: overridden disfluency

root: root

vocative: vocative

xcomp: open clausal complement