Features
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Aspect: aspect
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Two values of Aspect are used in Hungarian, both of which denote productive derivational processes:
Freq (frequentative): üt - ütöget (hit - hit several times)
Mod (modal): üt - üthet (hit - (he) may hit)
Case: case
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Case is used for nominal parts-of-speech (nouns, proper nouns, numerals, adjectives and pronouns).
Definite: definiteness or state
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Definiteness is relevant for determiners and verbs in Hungarian. Besides the values Def and Indef, we apply the value 2 for marking second person objects, which trigger special inflectional suffixes on the verb:
Szeret egy fiút. love-PRES-3SG-INDEF a boy-ACC “She loves a boy.”
Szereti a fiút. love-PRES-3SG-DEF the boy-ACC “She loves the boy.”
Szeretlek. love-PRES-1SG-2SGOBJ “I love you.”
Degree: degree of comparison
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Degree is relevant for adjectives and some adverbs in Hungarian.
Negative: whether the word can be or is negated
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This feature is not used in Hungarian.
NumType: numeral type
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NumType is relevant for numerals and adjectives (denoting quantities).
Number: number
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Number is relevant for nouns, proper nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, auxiliaries and verbs. Relevant values are Sing and Plur. We also apply the features Number[psor] and Number[psed] to denote the number of the possessor and the possessed on nominal elements.
| háza house-3SGPOSS “his house” Number[psor]=Sing | Person[psor]=3 | Number[psed]=None |
| házuk house-3PLPOSS “their house” Number[psor]=Plur | Person[psor]=3 | Number[psed]=None |
| házáé house-3SGPOSS-SGPSED “that of his house” Number[psor]=Sing | Person[psor]=3 | Number[psed]=Sing |
| házáéi house-3SGPOSS-PLPSED “those of his house” Number[psor]=Sing | Person[psor]=3 | Number[psed]=Plur |
Person: person
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Person is relevant for determiners, pronouns, auxiliaries and verbs. We also apply the feature Person[psor] to denote the person of the possessor on nominal elements.
| háza house-3SGPOSS “his house” Number[psor]=Sing | Person[psor]=3 | Number[psed]=None |
| házam house-1SGPOSS “my house” Number[psor]=Sing | Person[psor]=1 | Number[psed]=None |
PronType: pronominal type
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PronType is relevant for ADVs, DETs and PRONs in Hungarian. For adverbs, we apply two specific values:
Default denotes “general” adverbs without any specifications.
AdvPart denotes adverbial participles (futva - running).
Tense: tense
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This feature is used for verbs and auxiliaries, with the values Past and Pres.
VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative
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For verbs and auxiliaries, VerbForm denotes finite and infinitival forms of verbs. For adjectives, verbForm may denote whether it is a participle:
Part:Pres (present participle) - futó “running”
Part:Past (past participle) - főtt “cooked”
Part:Fut (future participle) - eljövendő “to come”