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dobj: direct object

The direct object of a verb is the noun phrase that denotes the entity acted upon. Most often the direct object is in the accusative case but there are verbs that require their objects be in other cases (except for nominative and vocative).

Accusative example:

Koupil jsem auto . \n Bought I-have car .
dobj(Koupil, auto)
dobj(Bought, car)

Genitive example:

Cením si vaší pomoci . \n I-appreciate REFLEX your help .
dobj(Cením, pomoci)
dobj(I-appreciate, help)

Dative example:

Čelíme velkým problémům . \n We-face big problems .
dobj(Čelíme, problémům)
dobj(We-face, problems)

Instrumental example:

Univerzita nedisponuje takovým rozpočtem . \n University does-not-have-at-disposal such budget .
dobj(nedisponuje, rozpočtem)
dobj(does-not-have-at-disposal, budget)

In general, if there is just one object, it should be labeled dobj, regardless of the morphological case or semantic role that it bears. If there are two or more objects, one of them should be dobj and the others should be iobj. In such cases it is necessary to decide what is the most directly affected object (patient). The one exception is when there is a clausal complement. Then the clausal complement is regarded as a “clausal direct object” and an object nominal will be an iobj.

Diffs

Prague Dependency Treebank

The manual annotation of the PDT does not distinguish direct and indirect objects. Therefore all non-clausal dependents labeled Obj in PDT are currently labeled dobj in the converted data, even if it results in two or more direct objects attached to one verb. In future, the valency lexicon Vallex could be used to identify the main object.


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)

This relation is universal.

79473 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as dobj.

54473 instances of dobj (69%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.71221672769368.

The following 46 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dobj: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NOUN (56743; 71% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PRON (13934; 18% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NOUN (3185; 4% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PROPN (2389; 3% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NUM (839; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADJ (721; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADV (551; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PRON (370; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PROPN (280; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NOUN (111; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/NUM (68; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/NOUN (44; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADJ (33; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PART (25; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/SYM (18; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PRON (16; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NUM (14; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/NOUN (14; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PROPN (13; 0% instances), cs-pos/PUNCT-cs-pos/NOUN (13; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/NOUN (11; 0% instances), cs-pos/PUNCT-cs-pos/NUM (10; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/PRON (8; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/PRON (8; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADV (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NUM (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/NOUN (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADJ (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/PROPN (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADP (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/INTJ (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 dobj	color:blue
1	Zvedněte	zvednout	VERB	Vi-P---2--A----	Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	telefon	telefon	NOUN	NNIS4-----A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	1	dobj	_	_
3	a	a	CONJ	J^-------------	_	1	cc	_	LId=a-1
4	zavolejte	zavolat	VERB	Vi-P---2--A----	Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	Z:-------------	_	1	punct	_	_

# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 7 dobj	color:blue
1	Změny	změna	NOUN	NNFP1-----A----	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	jsou	být	VERB	VB-P---3P-AA---	Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	3	cop	_	_
3	citelné	citelný	ADJ	AAFP1----1A----	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	Z:-------------	_	3	punct	_	_
5	je	být	VERB	VB-S---3P-AA---	Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	6	cop	_	_
6	třeba	třeba	ADJ	ACNS------A----	Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Variant=Short	3	conj	_	LId=třeba-1
7	je	on	PRON	PPXP4--3-------	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	dobj	_	LId=on-1|LGloss=(oni/ono)
8	lépe	dobře	ADV	Dg-------2A----	Degree=Cmp|Negative=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
9	prezentovat	prezentovat	VERB	Vf--------A----	Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 4 dobj	color:blue
1	Moby	Moby	PROPN	NNMS1-----A----	Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Dick	Dick	PROPN	NNMS1-----A----	Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	1	name	_	_
3	čeřící	čeřící	ADJ	AGMS1-----A----	Animacy=Anim|Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act	1	amod	_	LDeriv=čeřit
4	vody	voda	NOUN	NNFP4-----A----	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	3	dobj	_	_
5	hitparád	hitparáda	NOUN	NNFP2-----A----	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)

This relation is universal.

24883 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as dobj.

18483 instances of dobj (74%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.70353253225093.

The following 36 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dobj: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NOUN (18456; 74% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PRON (3734; 15% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NOUN (1418; 6% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADJ (261; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PROPN (218; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NUM (159; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADV (158; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PRON (143; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/SYM (90; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PROPN (56; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NOUN (56; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/NOUN (34; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/SYM (14; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/NOUN (14; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/PRON (14; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NUM (10; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADJ (8; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/PRON (8; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PRON (6; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/PROPN (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/INTJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PART (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 2 dobj	color:blue
1	Zvýšené	zvýšený	ADJ	AANS4----1A----	Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	2	amod	_	LDeriv=zvýšit
2	úsilí	úsilí	NOUN	NNNS4-----A----	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	4	dobj	_	_
3	budeme	být	AUX	VB-P---1F-AA---	Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	4	aux	_	_
4	věnovat	věnovat	VERB	Vf--------A----	Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	zavádění	zavádění	NOUN	NNNS3-----A----	Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	4	iobj	_	LDeriv=zavádět
6	nových	nový	ADJ	AAIP2----1A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	7	amod	_	_
7	poznatků	poznatek	NOUN	NNIP2-----A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	do	do	ADP	RR--2----------	AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen	9	case	_	LId=do-1
9	praxe	praxe	NOUN	NNFS2-----A----	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	Z:-------------	_	4	punct	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 4 dobj	color:blue
1	Významnou	významný	ADJ	AAFS7----1A----	Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	2	amod	_	_
2	měrou	míra	NOUN	NNFS7-----A----	Case=Ins|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	LGloss=(měřítko,poměr)
3	k	k	ADP	RR--3----------	AdpType=Prep|Case=Dat	4	case	_	LId=k-1
4	tomu	ten	PRON	PDZS3----------	Case=Dat|Gender=Masc,Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	dobj	_	_
5	přispělo	přispět	VERB	VpNS---XR-AA---	Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
6	plnění	plnění	NOUN	NNNS1-----A----	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	LDeriv=plnit
7	direktiv	direktiva	NOUN	NNFP2-----A----	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
8	#	&cother;	NUM	C=-------------	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	sjezdu	sjezd	NOUN	NNIS2-----A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	KSČ	KSČ	PROPN	NNFXX-----A---8	Abbr=Yes|Gender=Fem|NameType=Com|Negative=Pos	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No|LId=KSČ-1|LGloss=(Komunistická_strana_Československa)
11	.	.	PUNCT	Z:-------------	_	5	punct	_	_

# visual-style 11	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 11 dobj	color:blue
1	Plavání	plavání	NOUN	NNNS1-----A----	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	LDeriv=plavat
2	je	být	VERB	VB-S---3P-AA---	Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	4	cop	_	_
3	všestranný	všestranný	ADJ	AAIS1----1A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	4	amod	_	_
4	sport	sport	NOUN	NNIS1-----A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	Z:-------------	_	8	punct	_	_
6	který	který	PRON	P4YS1----------	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Int,Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	je	být	VERB	VB-S---3P-AA---	Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	8	cop	_	_
8	vhodný	vhodný	ADJ	AAIS1----1A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	4	acl	_	_
9	pro	pro	ADP	RR--4----------	AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc	11	case	_	LId=pro-1
10	každý	každý	ADJ	AAIS4----1A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	11	amod	_	_
11	věk	věk	NOUN	NNIS4-----A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	8	dobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	Z:-------------	_	4	punct	_	_


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)

This relation is universal.

1552 nodes (4%) are attached to their parents as dobj.

1200 instances of dobj (77%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 3.4194587628866.

The following 14 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dobj: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NOUN (1115; 72% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NOUN (237; 15% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PRON (110; 7% instances), cs-pos/X-cs-pos/NOUN (25; 2% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NOUN (19; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PRON (12; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADJ (11; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NUM (9; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADV (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/X-cs-pos/PRON (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/X (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/X (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 6 dobj	color:blue
1	Stanovená	stanovený	ADJ	AAFS1----1A----	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	2	amod	_	_
2	doba	doba	NOUN	NNFS1-----A----	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	nesmí	smět	VERB	VB-S---3P-NA---	Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
4	přesáhnout	přesáhnout	VERB	Vf--------A----	Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	účetní	účetní	ADJ	AANS4----1A----	Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	6	amod	_	LId=účetní-1
6	období	období	NOUN	NNNS4-----A----	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	4	dobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	Z:-------------	_	3	punct	_	_

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 5 dobj	color:blue
1	Vymezení	vymezení	NOUN	NNNS1-----A----	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	nákladů	náklad	NOUN	NNIP2-----A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
3	souvisejících	související	ADJ	AGIP2-----A----	Animacy=Inan|Aspect=Imp|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act	2	amod	_	_
4	s	s	ADP	RR--7----------	AdpType=Prep|Case=Ins	5	case	_	LId=s-1
5	pořízením	pořízení	NOUN	NNNS7-----A----	Case=Ins|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	3	dobj	_	_
6	cenných	cenný	ADJ	AAIP2----1A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	7	amod	_	_
7	papírů	papír	NOUN	NNIP2-----A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	a	a	CONJ	J^-------------	_	7	cc	_	LId=a-1
9	podílů	podíl	NOUN	NNIP2-----A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 4 dobj	color:blue
1	Termín	termín	NOUN	NNIS1-----A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	5	dobj	_	_
2	této	tento	DET	PDFS2----------	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	inventarizace	inventarizace	NOUN	NNFS2-----A----	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	si	se	PRON	P7-X3----------	Case=Dat|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short	5	dobj	_	_
5	stanoví	stanovit	VERB	VB-S---3P-AA---	Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
6	sama	sám	PRON	PLFS1----------	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	8	xcomp	_	_
7	účetní	účetní	ADJ	AAFS1----1A----	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	8	amod	_	LId=účetní-1
8	jednotka	jednotka	NOUN	NNFS1-----A----	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	Z:-------------	_	5	punct	_	_


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