acl: clausal modifier of noun
acl stands for finite and non-finite clauses that modify a nominal.
The head of the acl relation is the noun that is modified,
and the dependent is the head of the clause that modifies the noun.
Like non-clausal adjectives, most adjectival clauses in Turkish precede the noun they modify. The only exception is the adjectival clauses formed by ki that is similar to English relative pronouns “which” or “who” (not to be confused by suffix -ki).
The primary means of subordination, including forming adjectival clauses, is through the subordinating suffixes attached to the head of the subordinate clause. The adjectival clauses formed by -ki is not as frequent and cover only a limited range uses of adjectival clauses.
Ali'nin okuduğu kitap \n The book that Ali is reading
acl(kitap, okuduğu)
Ali , ki çok kitap okur , henüz son kitabını okumamış. \n Ali, who reads a lot, hasn't read your last book yet
acl(Ali, okur)
mark(okur, ki)
Almost all adjectival clauses in Turkish are relative clauses. There are only a few marginal constructions where a pronoun referring to the modified noun can be present in the subordinate clause.
Ali , ki onu\/kendisini üç gündür görmüyorduk , evde kitap okuyormuş \n Ali, who we haven't been seeing (him\/himself) for three days, has apparently been reading books at home
acl(Ali, görmüyorduk)
mark(görmüyorduk, ki)
We currently do not mark (non-)relative clauses differently.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)
This relation is universal.
1679 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as acl.
1671 instances of acl (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.42882668254914.
The following 11 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: tr-pos/NOUN-tr-pos/VERB (1091; 65% instances), tr-pos/VERB-tr-pos/VERB (307; 18% instances), tr-pos/ADJ-tr-pos/VERB (139; 8% instances), tr-pos/PROPN-tr-pos/VERB (110; 7% instances), tr-pos/PRON-tr-pos/VERB (13; 1% instances), tr-pos/ADV-tr-pos/VERB (9; 1% instances), tr-pos/ADP-tr-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), tr-pos/CONJ-tr-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), tr-pos/PUNCT-tr-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), tr-pos/DET-tr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), tr-pos/NUM-tr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5 3 acl color:blue
1 Cumhurbaşkanı cumhurbaşkanı NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3 2 nmod _ _
2 ile ile CONJ Conj _ 3 cc _ _
3 sürtüşen sürtüş VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 acl _ _
4 bir bir NUM ANum NumType=Card 5 det _ _
5 iktidar iktidar NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 compound:lvc _ _
6 olmak ol VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Ger 7 ccomp _ _
7 istemiyoruz iste VERB Verb Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1|Register=Inf|Tense=Pres 0 root _ _
8 . . PUNCT Punc _ 7 punct _ _
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# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 8 7 acl color:blue
1 babasına baba NOUN Noun Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3 3 nmod _ _
2 yemek yemek NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 dobj _ _
3 götürdük götür VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past 5 dobj _ _
4 , , PUNCT Punc _ 3 punct _ _
5 dedi de VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past 0 root _ _
6 Katana katana NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 nsubj _ _
7 duyulur duy VERB Verb Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl _ _
8 duyulmaz duy VERB Verb Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 acl _ _
9 bir bir NUM ANum NumType=Card 10 det _ _
10 sesle ses NOUN Noun Case=Ins|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 nmod _ _
11 . . PUNCT Punc _ 5 punct _ _
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# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 7 5 acl color:blue
1 Atatürk'ün Atatürk PROPN Prop Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 nsubj _ _
2 rakıyla rakı NOUN Noun Case=Ins|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ _
3 leblebi leblebi NOUN Noun Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 dobj _ _
4 sevdiği sev VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 7 dobj _ _
5 bilinen bil VERB Verb Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 acl _ _
6 bir bir NUM ANum NumType=Card 7 det _ _
7 gerçek gerçek ADJ NAdj Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ _
8 . . PUNCT Punc _ 7 punct _ _
acl in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]