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PART: particle

Definition

Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech (e.g. adpositions, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions or auxiliary verbs). Particles may encode grammatical categories such as negation, mood, tense etc. Particles are normally not inflected, although exceptions may occur.

In the Bultreebank tagset the following tags map to PART: Tn, Ti, Tx, Tm, Tv, Te and Tg. (Note that Ta is considered INTJ in the universal tagset. The Tn particle не / ne “no” is also considered INTJ).

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Bulgarian)

There are 35 PART lemmas (0%), 35 PART types (0%) and 5067 PART tokens (3%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 8 in number of lemmas, 10 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: да, ще, ли, дори, дали, си, пък, нито, ето, нека

The 10 most frequent PART types: да, ще, ли, дори, дали, си, пък, нито, ето, нека

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: да (PART 3101, INTJ 58, PROPN 3), ли (PART 293, PROPN 2), си (PRON 55, PART 42, PROPN 1), нито (PART 30, CONJ 28), то (PART 10, CONJ 1), е (PART 6, PROPN 1), ами (PART 5, CONJ 3, PROPN 1), ей (PART 4, PROPN 1), а (CONJ 265, PROPN 7, NOUN 3, PART 2), май (NOUN 15, PROPN 4, PART 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: да (PART 3045, INTJ 27, PROPN 1), ще (PART 1151, VERB 4), дали (PART 56, VERB 2), си (PRON 934, PART 42, AUX 35, VERB 34), нито (PART 27, CONJ 23), то (PRON 46, PART 8, CONJ 1), стига (VERB 8, PART 6), Е (PART 6, PROPN 1), Ами (PART 5, CONJ 1, PROPN 1), А (CONJ 77, PROPN 5, NOUN 3, PART 2)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.728233).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “а”: А.

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “ами”: Ами.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “бе”: бе.

PART occurs with 1 features: bg-feat/Negative (30; 1% instances)

PART occurs with 1 feature-value pairs: Negative=Neg

PART occurs with 2 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (5037 tokens). Examples: да, ще, ли, дори, дали, си, пък, ето, нека, чак

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 11 different relations: bg-dep/aux (4162; 82% instances), bg-dep/discourse (557; 11% instances), bg-dep/mwe (250; 5% instances), bg-dep/root (50; 1% instances), bg-dep/neg (27; 1% instances), bg-dep/advcl (6; 0% instances), bg-dep/cc (5; 0% instances), bg-dep/mark (4; 0% instances), bg-dep/conj (3; 0% instances), bg-dep/nmod (2; 0% instances), bg-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: VERB (4507; 89% instances), ADP (182; 4% instances), NOUN (112; 2% instances), ADV (56; 1% instances), ADJ (52; 1% instances), PRON (52; 1% instances), ROOT (50; 1% instances), DET (23; 0% instances), NUM (10; 0% instances), CONJ (9; 0% instances), PROPN (9; 0% instances), SCONJ (5; 0% instances)

4986 (98%) PART nodes are leaves.

22 (0%) PART nodes have one child.

48 (1%) PART nodes have two children.

11 (0%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 4.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 10 different relations: bg-dep/punct (70; 46% instances), bg-dep/ccomp (42; 28% instances), bg-dep/dobj (14; 9% instances), bg-dep/mwe (12; 8% instances), bg-dep/cc (9; 6% instances), bg-dep/acl (1; 1% instances), bg-dep/advmod (1; 1% instances), bg-dep/amod (1; 1% instances), bg-dep/conj (1; 1% instances), bg-dep/expl (1; 1% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 8 different parts of speech: PUNCT (70; 46% instances), VERB (50; 33% instances), NOUN (10; 7% instances), CONJ (8; 5% instances), PRON (6; 4% instances), INTJ (4; 3% instances), ADJ (2; 1% instances), ADV (2; 1% instances)


PART in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]