PART
: particle
Definition
Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech (e.g., adpositions, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions or auxiliary verbs).
Examples
- ci,là in demonstrative determiners such as ce gars-ci “this guy”
- euphonic t in “a-t-il” for example
- ne,n’ in the double negation marker “ne … pas” (pas is tagged as
ADV
)
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
There are 18 PART
lemmas (0%), 20 PART
types (0%) and 1856 PART
tokens (0%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PART
is: 16 in number of lemmas, 16 in number of types and 14 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PART
lemmas: ne, l’, ‘s, ci, là, ex, to, up, ‘s’, di
The 10 most frequent PART
types: n’, ne, l’, ‘s, -ci, -là, ci, ex, to, up
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: l’ (PART 161, PROPN 2), ’s (PART 29, X 5), ci (PART 8, ADV 1), là (ADV 81, PART 4), ex (NOUN 4, ADP 2, PART 2, INTJ 2, X 1), to (ADP 6, PART 2), di (ADP 22, X 1, PROPN 1, PART 1), not (ADV 2, PART 1), pré (NOUN 6, PART 1, INTJ 1)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ne (PART 806, VERB 1), l’ (DET 6222, PRON 261, PART 154, PROPN 2), ’s (PART 30, X 5, AUX 2, VERB 2), -ci (PART 6, ADV 1), -là (ADV 10, PART 3), ci (PART 2, ADV 1), ex (NOUN 4, INTJ 2, PART 2, ADP 2, X 1), to (ADP 5, PART 1), là (ADV 67, PART 1, DET 1), not (ADV 2, PART 1)
- ne
- l’
- DET 6222: Tarzan , l’ homme singe , règne en maître sur son domaine , la jungle .
- PRON 261: De son vivant , on l’ appelait « » ( « Le roi de la comédie » ) .
- PART 154: C’ est l’ une de les trois banlieues où ce trafic domine .
- PROPN 2: Les tableaux religieux , souvent situés dans la région rurale de la Lys , sont probablement imités de Pieter Bruegel l’ Ancien .
- ’s
- PART 30: Résultats détaillés de l’ édition 1896 de le tournoi de tennis U.S. National Champ ’s .
- X 5: Elle est administrée par le Florida Community College ’s Board of Trustees , dont la présidente est Helen Aguirre Ferré .
- AUX 2: Toutes les chansons sont de David Bowie et Reeves Gabrels , sauf What ’s Really Happening ?
- VERB 2: Son troisième album , That ’s For Me , a pour réalisateur John Snyder qui est connu pour son travail avec Chet Baker , Charlie Haden , Ornette Coleman , entre autres .
- -ci
- -là
- ci
- ex
- NOUN 4: Cette colline héberge d’ ailleurs le réservoir municipal qui alimente une bonne partie de la commune ( L’ Epinoy par ex ) .
- INTJ 2: Son titre est enregistré à le Répertoire national de les certifications professionnelles ( ex homologation ) .
- PART 2: La ville compte ou a compté de très nombreux résidents célèbres dont Diana Ross , Mel Gibson , le catcheur de la WWE Triple H ( Paul Levesque ) , Tommy Hilfiger , Richard Attias , Vince McMahon , Patricia MacDonald et Cécilia Attias , ex Sarkozy .
- ADP 2: Les membres de le Conseil législatif siègent ex officio .
- X 1: Certaines erreurs judiciaires résultent d’ une entente de la police et de la justice dans un but médiatique ( ex : affaire d’ Outreau ) .
- to
- là
- not
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PART
is 1.111111 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.308112).
The 1st highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “ci”: -ci, ci.
The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “là”: -là, là.
The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “ne”: n’, ne.
PART
does not occur with any features.
Relations
PART
nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: fr-dep/neg (1630; 88% instances), fr-dep/expl (161; 9% instances), fr-dep/case (26; 1% instances), fr-dep/mwe (11; 1% instances), fr-dep/compound (7; 0% instances), fr-dep/advmod (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/conj (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/det (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/goeswith (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/name (3; 0% instances), fr-dep/amod (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/mark (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/nmod (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)
Parents of PART
nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: VERB (1352; 73% instances), PRON (175; 9% instances), ADJ (140; 8% instances), NOUN (137; 7% instances), PROPN (31; 2% instances), ADV (9; 0% instances), AUX (5; 0% instances), PART (3; 0% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)
1844 (99%) PART
nodes are leaves.
2 (0%) PART
nodes have one child.
7 (0%) PART
nodes have two children.
3 (0%) PART
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a PART
node is 5.
Children of PART
nodes are attached using 10 different relations: fr-dep/mwe (10; 36% instances), fr-dep/punct (7; 25% instances), fr-dep/conj (3; 11% instances), fr-dep/det (2; 7% instances), fr-dep/case (1; 4% instances), fr-dep/cc (1; 4% instances), fr-dep/compound (1; 4% instances), fr-dep/cop (1; 4% instances), fr-dep/mark (1; 4% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (1; 4% instances)
Children of PART
nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: PUNCT (7; 25% instances), VERB (6; 21% instances), PRON (4; 14% instances), PART (3; 11% instances), ADJ (2; 7% instances), ADP (2; 7% instances), DET (2; 7% instances), CONJ (1; 4% instances), NOUN (1; 4% instances)
PART in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]