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PartForm: form of participle

(Please note: the labels on this page, including the feature name PartForm, are subject to change.)

Finnish has multiple participles forms, here termed the present, past, agent, and negative participles (VISK § 122; in Finnish).

Pres: present participle

The present participle, also known as the first participle and the VA-participle, has active and passive forms.

Examples

• [fi] haihtuva vesi “evaporating water” (present active participle)
• [fi] juotava vesi “drinkable water” (present passive participle)

References

• http://kaino.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=522 (in Finnish)

Past: past participle

The past participle is also known as the second participle. Its active and passive forms are also known as the NUT- and TU-participles, respectively.

Examples

• [fi] kiinnostunut opiskelija “interested student” (past active participle)
• [fi] kunnostettu auto “repaired car” (past passive participle)

References

• http://kaino.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=522 (in Finnish)

Agt: agent participle

The agent participle is also known as the MA-participle.

Examples

• [fi] naapurin kutsuma vieras “guest invited by the neighbour”

References

• http://kaino.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=525 (in Finnish)

Neg: negative participle

The negative participle is a negative counterpart to the other participle forms.

Examples

• [fi] maksamaton lasku “unpaid bill”

References

• http://kaino.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=526 (in Finnish)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)

This feature is language-specific. It occurs with 4 different values: Agt, Neg, Past, Pres.

7031 tokens (4%) have a non-empty value of PartForm. 3598 types (7%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PartForm. 1203 lemmas (5%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PartForm. The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/VERB (6904; 4% instances), fi-pos/AUX (127; 0% instances).

VERB

6904 fi-pos/VERB tokens (22% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of PartForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and PartForm co-occurred: Mood=EMPTY (6904; 100%), InfForm=EMPTY (6904; 100%), Person=EMPTY (6904; 100%), VerbForm=Part (6904; 100%), Tense=EMPTY (6904; 100%), Degree=Pos (6895; 100%), Number=Sing (5184; 75%), Voice=Act (4431; 64%), Case=Nom (3843; 56%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of PartForm:

• Agt (460; 7% of non-empty PartForm): johtama, edellyttämät, esittämä, tekemä, järjestämän, järjestämässä, olemassa, aiheuttamasta, antama, antamaa
• Neg (9; 0% of non-empty PartForm): asettelematonta, hallitsemattomissa, kunnioittamattomasta, mainitsemattoman, maksamattomia, palamaton, pesimättömiä, tavoittamattomissa, ulottumattomissa
• Past (4236; 61% of non-empty PartForm): ollut, tehty, tullut, saanut, s., tehnyt, olleet, annettu, annetun, antanut
• Pres (2199; 32% of non-empty PartForm): olevan, koskevat, oleva, vastaava, koskevan, olevat, koskevien, olevien, oltava, liittyviä

Paradigm maksaa	Agt	Neg	Past	Pres
Case=Ela|Number=Plur|Voice=Pass				maksettavista
Case=Ess|Number=Sing|Voice=Pass				maksettavana
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Voice=Act	maksaman			maksavan
Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Voice=Pass			maksettujen
Case=Ill|Number=Plur|Voice=Act	maksamiin
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Act			maksanut	maksava
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Pass			maksettu	maksettava
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Voice=Act	maksamat
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Voice=Pass				maksettavat
Case=Par|Number=Sing|Voice=Act	maksamaa
Case=Par|Number=Plur|Voice=Act		maksamattomia
Case=Tra|Number=Sing|Voice=Pass				maksettavaksi
Case=Tra|Number=Plur|Voice=Pass				maksettaviksi

AUX

127 fi-pos/AUX tokens (4% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of PartForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and PartForm co-occurred: Person=EMPTY (127; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (127; 100%), Tense=EMPTY (127; 100%), VerbForm=Part (127; 100%), Voice=Act (110; 87%), Number=Sing (110; 87%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of PartForm:

• Past (115; 91% of non-empty PartForm): ollut, voinut, pitänyt, joutunut, saattanut, voinu, voitu, voineet, ollu, tarvinnut
• Pres (12; 9% of non-empty PartForm): voivan, voitava, voivansa, aikovansa, olevalla, olevan, voivani, voivasi

Paradigm olla	Past	Pres
Case=Ade|Number=Sing|Voice=Act		olevalla
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Voice=Act		olevan
Case=Nom|Clitic=Kaan|Number=Sing|Voice=Act	ollutkaan
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Voice=Act	ollu
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Act	ollut
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Pass	oltu
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Voice=Act	olleet
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Voice=Pass	ollut

Relations with Agreement in PartForm

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in PartForm: VERB –[acl]–> VERB (14; 78%), VERB –[appos]–> VERB (3; 100%), AUX –[conj]–> VERB (1; 100%).

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)

This feature is language-specific. It occurs with 4 different values: Agt, Neg, Past, Pres.

5128 tokens (3%) have a non-empty value of PartForm. 2898 types (7%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PartForm. 1130 lemmas (5%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PartForm. The feature is used with 1 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/VERB (5128; 3% instances).

VERB

5128 fi-pos/VERB tokens (14% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of PartForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and PartForm co-occurred: Tense=EMPTY (5128; 100%), VerbForm=Part (5128; 100%), Person=EMPTY (5128; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (5128; 100%), InfForm=EMPTY (5128; 100%), Number=Sing (4168; 81%), Voice=Act (3274; 64%), Case=Nom (3262; 64%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of PartForm:

• Agt (213; 4% of non-empty PartForm): aiheuttama, aiheuttamaa, aiheuttamasta, aiheuttamia, edellyttämällä, jalostama, johtama, järjestämiämme, järjestämä, ostamani
• Neg (90; 2% of non-empty PartForm): sietämätön, uskomaton, kouluttamattomat, pätemätöntä, sietämättömiä, tavoittamattomissa, tietämätön, uskomattomalta, Käsittämättömän, Sietämätöntä
• Past (3520; 69% of non-empty PartForm): ollut, saanut, tullut, olleet, tehty, ollu, käynyt, sanonut, tehnyt, nähnyt
• Pres (1305; 25% of non-empty PartForm): olevan, oleva, olevansa, olevat, tehtävä, olevia, oltava, tulevan, kuluvan, lähdettävä

Paradigm tietää	Agt	Neg	Past	Pres
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1	tietämäni
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Voice=Act			tienneensä	tietävänsä
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Voice=Act				tietävän
Case=Nom|Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Voice=Act			tiennytkin
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Voice=Act			tienny
Case=Nom|Number=Sing		tietämätön
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Act			tiennyt, tietänyt
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Voice=Pass			tiedetty	tiedettävä
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Voice=Act			tienneet

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