Person: person
Person is a feature of verbs (TODO: also pronouns?).
1: first person
In singular, the first person refers just to the speaker or author. In plural, it includes the speaker/author and one or more additional persons.
Examples
- [fi] minä näin sinut “I saw you”
- [fi] me lähdimme “we left”
2: second person
In singular, the second person refers to the addressee of the utterance or text. In plural, it may mean several addressees and optionally some third persons too.
Examples
- [fi] me tarjoamme “we offer”
- [fi] te vastaatte “you answer”
3: third person
The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.
Examples
- [fi] hän voitti “he/she won”
- [fi] he päättivät “they decided”
TODO: consider fourth person, e.g. kirja julkaistiin? (cf. ISK http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=106, http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=1313)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.
This is a layered feature with the following layers: Person, Person[psor].
22102 tokens (12%) have a non-empty value of Person.
4404 types (9%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
1585 lemmas (7%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/VERB (16707; 9% instances), fi-pos/AUX (2921; 2% instances), fi-pos/PRON (2474; 1% instances).
VERB
16707 fi-pos/VERB tokens (53% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: InfForm=EMPTY (16707; 100%), Case=EMPTY (16707; 100%), PartForm=EMPTY (16707; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (16707; 100%), Degree=EMPTY (16707; 100%), Voice=Act (16707; 100%), Number=Sing (13802; 83%), Mood=Ind (13523; 81%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(2261; 14% of non-emptyPerson): en, olen, olin, emme, haluaisin, enkä, haluan, sain, huomasin, etten2(609; 4% of non-emptyPerson): et, olet, lisää, älä, ota, älkää, keitä, paista, saat, leikkaa3(13837; 83% of non-emptyPerson): on, ei, oli, ovat, eivät, eikä, olivat, olisi, tulee, tuliEMPTY(14956): ole, olla, ollut, olevan, tehdä, tehty, ottaa, saada, tullut, käyttää
| Paradigm olla | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | Olisikohan | ||
| Clitic=Han|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | Olisihan | ||
| Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olihan | ||
| Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | Onhan | ||
| Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past | olihan | ||
| Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | olivathan | ||
| Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | ovathan | ||
| Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olikaan | ||
| Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | onkaan | ||
| Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | ovatkaan | ||
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | olisikin | ||
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | onki | ||
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olikin | ||
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | olenkin | onkin | |
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | olivatkin | ||
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | ovatkin, olemmekin | ||
| Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | onks | ||
| Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | Olikos | ||
| Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | onkos | ||
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | olisiko | ||
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olinko | oliko | |
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | olenko | oletko | onko |
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | olivatko | ||
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | Ovatko | ||
| Clitic=Pa,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olipas | ||
| Clitic=Pa,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | Onpas | ||
| Clitic=Pa|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | Olisipa | ||
| Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olipa | ||
| Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | oletpa | onpa | |
| Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | olivatpa | ||
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll | oisin | olis, ois | |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Typo=Yes | olisi | ||
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | olisin | olisit | olisi |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Style=Coll | oltaisiin | olis | |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur | olisimme | olisivat | |
| Mood=Imp|Number=Sing | ole | olkoon | |
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur | Olkaa | olkoot | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past | ol | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | oon | oot | on, o |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olin | olit | oli |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | olen, Oon | olet | on |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past | oltiin | oli | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | on, ollaan | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | olimme | olivat | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | Olemme | olette, ootte | ovat, olemme, olette |
| Mood=Pot|Number=Sing | lienee | ||
| Mood=Pot|Number=Plur | lienevät |
AUX
2921 fi-pos/AUX tokens (82% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (2921; 100%), Voice=Act (2921; 100%), Number=Sing (2554; 87%), Mood=Ind (2485; 85%), Tense=Pres (2073; 71%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(216; 7% of non-emptyPerson): olen, olin, olisin, voimme, voin, joudun, olisimme, aion, voisin, aiomme2(37; 1% of non-emptyPerson): voit, olet, voitte, olisit, oot, voitko, Taidatkin, voisitteko, Saatat, Voisitko3(2668; 91% of non-emptyPerson): on, voi, oli, olisi, ovat, pitäisi, voisi, voivat, pitää, täytyyEMPTY(659): voidaan, ole, voi, ollut, voida, voinut, voitaisiin, olisi, tarvitse, pitää
| Paradigm olla | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | Onhan | ||
| Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olikaan | ||
| Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | olenkaan | ||
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | olisikin | ||
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olinkin | olikin | |
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | Olenkin | onkin | |
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | olivatkin | ||
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | ovatkin | ||
| Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | onks | ||
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | olisiko | ||
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | oot | ||
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olinko | oliko | |
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | olenko | onko | |
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | ootteko | ||
| Clitic=Pa,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | onpas | ||
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll | oisin | ois, olis | |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | olisin | olisit | olisi |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Style=Coll | olis | ||
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur | olisimme | olisivat | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past | oli | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | oon, Oom | oot | on |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olin | oli | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Typo=Yes | ovat | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | olen | olet | on |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past | oli | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | on, ollaan | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | olimme | olivat | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | ovat, olemme, olette | ||
| Mood=Pot|Number=Sing|Typo=Yes | lie | ||
| Mood=Pot|Number=Plur | lie, lienevät |
PRON
2474 fi-pos/PRON tokens (21% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (2474; 100%), Number=Sing (1807; 73%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(923; 37% of non-emptyPerson): minä, meidän, me, mä, minun, minua, meillä, minulla, minulle, minut2(228; 9% of non-emptyPerson): sinä, sä, sinun, te, teitä, sinua, sinulle, teille, sinulla, sinut3(1323; 53% of non-emptyPerson): hän, hänen, he, heidän, hänet, häntä, hänelle, hänellä, hänestä, heitäEMPTY(9450): se, sen, joka, sitä, siitä, tämä, tämän, jotka, ne, mitä
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1318; 62%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (7; 100%),
VERB –[vocative]–> PRON (1; 100%),
VERB –[goeswith]–> VERB (1; 100%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.
This is a layered feature with the following layers: Person, Person[psor].
27590 tokens (17%) have a non-empty value of Person.
5209 types (12%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
1678 lemmas (8%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/VERB (22751; 14% instances), fi-pos/PRON (4435; 3% instances), fi-pos/DET (404; 0% instances).
VERB
22751 fi-pos/VERB tokens (61% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: PartForm=EMPTY (22751; 100%), Case=EMPTY (22751; 100%), InfForm=EMPTY (22751; 100%), Voice=Act (22751; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (22751; 100%), Number=Sing (19622; 86%), Mood=Ind (17626; 77%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(2993; 13% of non-emptyPerson): en, olen, olin, olemme, emme, olisin, sanoin, tulen, ajattelin, näin2(1690; 7% of non-emptyPerson): et, olet, älä, olette, ette, ota, oot, saat, ole, tule3(18068; 79% of non-emptyPerson): on, ei, oli, ovat, olisi, voi, tulee, tuli, eivät, olivatEMPTY(14849): ole, olla, ollut, tehdä, voi, mennä, tulla, olevan, saanut, tullut
| Paradigm olla | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll | Oiskohan | ||
| Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | Olisikohan | ||
| Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | onkoha | ||
| Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olikohan | ||
| Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | Oletkohan | Onkohan | |
| Clitic=Han|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | Olisihan | ||
| Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | Olithan | olihan | |
| Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | Olenhan | onhan | |
| Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | ovathan | ||
| Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | olisikaan | ||
| Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olikaan | ||
| Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | oletkaan | onkaan | |
| Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | olivatkaan | ||
| Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | ovatkaan | ||
| Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing | lieneekään | ||
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll | oliskin | ||
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | olisikin | ||
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Imp|Number=Sing | olekin | olkoonkin | |
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past | olikii | ||
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | onki | ||
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olinkin | olikin | |
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | olenkin | oletkin | onkin |
| Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | ovatkin | ||
| Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | Olitkos | Olikos | |
| Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | Oletkos | onkos | |
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll | oisko, olisko | ||
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | Olisinko | olisiko | |
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur | Olisitteko | olisivatko | |
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past | oliks, olik | ||
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | oonko, ooks, Oonksmä, olenk | ootko, ootsä, Ookkonää, oleks, oleksä, ook, Ooksää | onks, onk |
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olinko | Olitko | oliko |
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | olenko | oletko | onko |
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past | Olitteks | ||
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | Oottekste, ootteko | ||
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | olemmeko | oletteko | ovatko |
| Clitic=Ko|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing | lieneekö, Liekö | ||
| Clitic=Pa,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | Olipas | ||
| Clitic=Pa,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | Onpas | ||
| Clitic=Pa|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | Olisitpa | Olisipa | |
| Clitic=Pa|Mood=Imp|Number=Sing | olepa | olkoonpa | |
| Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | Olinpa | olipa | |
| Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | oletpa | onpa | |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll | oisin, oisi | olis, ois, os | |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | olisin | olisit | olisi, lienisi |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur | olisimme | olisitte | olisivat |
| Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Style=Coll | Oo, Ous | ||
| Mood=Imp|Number=Sing | ole | olkoon | |
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur | Olkaamme | olkaa | olkoot |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past | oli | ol, ol´, olii, olä | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | oon, Oom, ole, ool, on, Oommä, oo | oot | o, oj, om |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | olin | olit | oli |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres | olen | olet | on |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past | Olimma | olija | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres | Ootte | oovat | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past | olimme | olitte | olivat |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres | olemme | olette | ovat |
| Mood=Opt|Number=Sing | Ollos | ||
| Mood=Pot|Number=Sing | lienen | lienee, lie | |
| Mood=Pot|Number=Plur | lienemme | lienevät |
PRON
4435 fi-pos/PRON tokens (42% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (4435; 100%), Number=Sing (3456; 78%), Case=Nom (2656; 60%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(1885; 43% of non-emptyPerson): minä, mä, me, minulla, minua, minun, meillä, minulle, meidän, meitä2(767; 17% of non-emptyPerson): sinä, sä, te, sinulle, sinun, sinua, sinulla, sulle, teillä, sinut3(1783; 40% of non-emptyPerson): hän, he, hänen, häntä, hänellä, hänet, hänelle, heidän, hänestä, heilläEMPTY(6137): se, sen, sitä, mitä, joka, ne, siitä, kaikki, tämä, mikä
DET
404 fi-pos/DET tokens (10% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (404; 100%), Case=Gen (373; 92%), Number=Sing (261; 65%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(158; 39% of non-emptyPerson): meidän, minun, mun, meistä, meiän, Meillä, meille, meitä, minunkin, minä2(65; 16% of non-emptyPerson): sinun, teidän, sun, sinä, te, teille, teiän3(181; 45% of non-emptyPerson): hänen, heidän, heillä, häneEMPTY(3705): se, sen, kaikki, mitään, tämä, joka, sitä, joku, tällä, tässä
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (973; 57%),
VERB –[vocative]–> PRON (13; 57%).
Person in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]