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PronType: pronominal type

This feature typically applies to pronouns, determiners, pronominal numerals (quantifiers) and pronominal adverbs.

Prs: personal or possessive personal pronoun or determiner

See also the Poss feature that distinguishes normal personal pronouns from possessives. Note that Prs also includes reflexive personal/possessive pronouns (see the Reflex feature).

Examples

Note: the category clitic pronouns includes cases such as: Si è trasformato “Has transformed itself” (reflexive), Ti ho dato “I have given you” (indirect object), Ora si cerca il colpevole “Now one/somebody searches for the culprit” (impersonal form), Lo vediamo spesso “We often see him/it”. These are not marked by the appropriate PronType.

Rcp: reciprocal pronoun

We do not seem to have cases of reciprocal pronouns in Italian.

Art: article

Article is a special case of determiner that bears the feature of definiteness.

Examples

Int: interrogative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb

Note that possessive interrogative determiners (whose) can be distinguished by the Poss feature.

Examples:

Note: for the time being we do not use the feature ProntType=Int interrogative pronouns such as dove “where” and quando “when” in sentences like Dov’ è Siena? “Where is Siena?”.

Rel: relative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb

Examples:

Dem: demonstrative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb

These are often parallel to interrogatives. Some tagsets might also distinguish a separate feature of distance (here / there; [es] aquí / ahí / allí).

Examples

Note: Demonstrative adverbs such as qui “here” and “there”, ora “now” e allora “then” are not marked with PronType=Dem.

Tot: total (collective) pronoun, determiner or adverb

Examples

We are not using PronType=Tot.

Neg: negative pronoun, determiner or adverb

Examples:

We distinguish only negative adverbs such as: non, nemmeno, _neppure.

Ind: indefinite pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb

Examples

Exc: exclamative determiners. This value is language specific.

Examples

Clit: clitic pronouns. This value is language specific.

Used for clitic pronouns, part of speech PRON/PC.

Examples

Predet: predeterminer. This value is language specific.

It is always used along with det:predet dependency relations.

Examples

Ord: ordinal pronouns. This value is language specific.

It is used to mark ordinal pronouns. Part of speech is PRON/NO. When ordinals are used as noun modifiers they are marked as [ADJ].

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)

This feature is universal but the values Clit, Exc, Ord, Predet are language-specific. It occurs with 11 different values: Art, Clit, Dem, Exc, Ind, Int, Neg, Ord, Predet, Prs, Rel.

56458 tokens (21%) have a non-empty value of PronType. 356 types (1%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PronType. 163 lemmas (1%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of PronType. The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: it-pos/DET (43709; 16% instances), it-pos/PRON (10863; 4% instances), it-pos/ADV (1886; 1% instances).

DET

43709 it-pos/DET tokens (100% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

The most frequent other feature values with which DET and PronType co-occurred: Definite=Def (34106; 78%), Number=Sing (32236; 74%).

DET tokens may have the following values of PronType:

Paradigm qualeIntRel
Number=Singquale
Number=Plurqualiquali

PronType seems to be lexical feature of DET. 95% lemmas (76) occur only with one value of PronType.

PRON

10863 it-pos/PRON tokens (100% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and PronType co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (7808; 72%), Person=EMPTY (6450; 59%), Number=EMPTY (6034; 56%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of PronType:

Paradigm quantoIntRelInd
_quanto
Gender=Masc|Number=Singquantoquantoquanto
Gender=Masc|Number=Plurquantiquanti
Gender=Fem|Number=PlurQuante
Number=Singquantoquanto

ADV

1886 it-pos/ADV tokens (18% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of PronType.

ADV tokens may have the following values of PronType:

Relations with Agreement in PronType

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in PronType: PRON –[conj]–> PRON (30; 77%), DET –[conj]–> DET (2; 67%).


PronType in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]