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Gender: gender

Masc: masculine gender

Nouns denoting male persons are masculine. Other nouns may be also grammatically masculine, without any relation to sex.

Examples

• castello “castle”

Fem: feminine gender

Nouns denoting female persons are feminine. Other nouns may be also grammatically feminine, without any relation to sex.

Examples

• nave “ship”

Neut: neuter gender

Not used.

Com: common gender

Not used.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 2 different values: Fem, Masc.

111693 tokens (41%) have a non-empty value of Gender. 14345 types (54%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Gender. 9567 lemmas (53%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Gender. The feature is used with 8 part-of-speech tags: it-pos/NOUN (51850; 19% instances), it-pos/DET (37259; 14% instances), it-pos/ADJ (10885; 4% instances), it-pos/VERB (8081; 3% instances), it-pos/PRON (3055; 1% instances), it-pos/AUX (559; 0% instances), it-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances).

NOUN

51850 it-pos/NOUN tokens (97% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Gender co-occurred: Number=Sing (34189; 66%).

NOUN tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (23453; 45% of non-empty Gender): città, parte, società, legge, proprietà, attività, servitù, autorità, commissione, opere
• Masc (28397; 55% of non-empty Gender): anni, fondo, diritto, presidente, proprietario, anno, caso, art., stato, modo
• EMPTY (1801): presidente, onorevole, grazie, enfiteuta, leader, fronte, abitanti, partecipanti, componenti, capitale

Paradigm proprietario	Masc	Fem
Number=Sing	proprietario	proprietaria
Number=Plur	proprietari

Gender seems to be lexical feature of NOUN. 98% lemmas (6363) occur only with one value of Gender.

DET

37259 it-pos/DET tokens (85% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Gender co-occurred: PronType=Art (33754; 91%), Definite=Def (29488; 79%), Number=Sing (26487; 71%).

DET tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (15783; 42% of non-empty Gender): la, le, una, sua, un’, questa, sue, queste, tutte, quante
• Masc (21476; 58% of non-empty Gender): il, i, un, gli, lo, suo, questo, tutti, suoi, quanti
• EMPTY (6450): l’, quale, ogni, che, loro, qualche, tale, qualsiasi, l’, tali

Paradigm il	Masc	Fem
Number=Sing	il, lo, l', lu, l’	la, l', le, il
Number=Plur	i, gli, il	le

ADJ

10885 it-pos/ADJ tokens (63% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Gender co-occurred: Number=Sing (7343; 67%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (4951; 45% of non-empty Gender): prima, stessa, altra, altre, italiana, economica, alta, nuova, giudiziaria, nuove
• Masc (5934; 55% of non-empty Gender): primo, altri, altro, stesso, nuovo, vero, secondo, pubblico, europeo, alto
• EMPTY (6461): grande, presente, comune, ex, maggiore, possibile, sociale, nazionale, internazionale, seguenti

Paradigm altro	Masc	Fem
Number=Sing	altro	altra
Number=Plur	altri	altre

VERB

8081 it-pos/VERB tokens (30% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Gender co-occurred: Tense=Past (8081; 100%), VerbForm=Part (8081; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (8081; 100%), Person=EMPTY (8081; 100%), Number=Sing (5880; 73%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (2507; 31% of non-empty Gender): stata, fatta, stabilite, dovuta, fatte, vista, considerata, costituita, fondata, chiamata
• Masc (5574; 69% of non-empty Gender): fatto, visto, stato, tenuto, avuto, detto, dato, messo, chiamato, scritto
• EMPTY (18421): è, sono, ha, era, essere, trova, far, fare, hanno, fa

Paradigm essere	Masc	Fem
Number=Sing	stato	stata
Number=Plur	stati	state

PRON

3055 it-pos/PRON tokens (28% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Gender co-occurred: Number=Sing (2243; 73%), Person=EMPTY (1930; 63%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (740; 24% of non-empty Gender): la, le, quella, quelle, una, questa, essa, esse, altra, lei
• Masc (2315; 76% of non-empty Gender): lo, quello, uno, questo, gli, li, lui, tutto, ciò, quanto
• EMPTY (7808): si, che, chi, cui, ci, ne, qual, mi, c’, quale

Paradigm lo	Masc	Fem
Number=Sing	lo, gli	la
Number=Plur	li	le
		le

AUX

559 it-pos/AUX tokens (7% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Gender co-occurred: Tense=Past (559; 100%), VerbForm=Part (559; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (559; 100%), Person=EMPTY (559; 100%), Number=Sing (407; 73%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (168; 30% of non-empty Gender): stata, state, potuta, andata
• Masc (391; 70% of non-empty Gender): stato, stati, dovuto, potuto, voluto, andato, potuti
• EMPTY (6899): è, ha, sono, può, hanno, essere, deve, possono, era, viene

Paradigm essere	Masc	Fem
Number=Sing	stato	stata
Number=Plur	stati	state

ADP

3 it-pos/ADP tokens (0% of all ADP tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

ADP tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (1; 33% of non-empty Gender): della
• Masc (2; 67% of non-empty Gender): del, du
• EMPTY (41468): di, a, in, da, per, con, su, come, ad, d’

Paradigm del	Masc	Fem
	del	della

PROPN

1 it-pos/PROPN tokens (0% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

PROPN tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (1; 100% of non-empty Gender): hye
• EMPTY (13344): Shakespeare, Balzac, Italia, stati, Europa, San, Uniti, Albania, Marco, Roma

Relations with Agreement in Gender

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Gender: NOUN –[det]–> DET (30357; 83%), NOUN –[amod]–> ADJ (8593; 63%), NOUN –[conj]–> NOUN (2197; 55%), NOUN –[acl]–> VERB (1963; 64%), VERB –[nsubjpass]–> NOUN (1425; 95%), NOUN –[det:poss]–> DET (1393; 80%), ADJ –[conj]–> ADJ (329; 52%), ADJ –[nsubj]–> NOUN (309; 55%), NOUN –[det:predet]–> DET (291; 96%), PRON –[det]–> DET (283; 52%).

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