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NUM: numeral

Definition

A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction.

Cardinal numerals are covered by NUM whether they are used as determiners or not (as in Windows Seven) and whether they are expressed as words (four), or digits (4).

There are numerals belonging to other parts of speech in the universal tagging scheme, based mainly on syntactic criteria: e.g. ordinal numerals are tagged as adjectives or pronouns (first, second, third, …). In Italian there are no adverbial numerals like [cs] poprvé “for the first time” nor multiplicative numerals such as [en] (once, twice).

Note that, since Roman numerals (IV) are only used as ordinal numerals in Italian (Enciclopedia Treccani), are tagged ADJ for coherence with other ordinal numerals. In this case we specify NumType=Ord as morphological feature. A similar treatment is reserved to a cardinal with a suffix such as a, o, esimo, esima, or the symbol ° (similar to the English use of the suffix “th”).

Other words functioning as determiners (including quantifiers such as many and few) are tagged DET.

Examples

Tagged as NUM:

Tagged as ADJ:

Tagged as PRON:

References

Enciclopedia Treccani


Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)

There are 1095 NUM lemmas (6%), 1105 NUM types (4%) and 4609 NUM tokens (2%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of NUM is: 5 in number of lemmas, 5 in number of types and 12 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent NUM lemmas: due, 1, 2, tre, 3, cinque, mila, quattro, 4, 20

The 10 most frequent NUM types: due, 1, 2, tre, 3, cinque, mila, quattro, 4, 20

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: 1 (NUM 176, PROPN 1), 4 (NUM 60, PROPN 1), 5 (NUM 47, PROPN 1), uno (DET 4256, PRON 204, NUM 37, ADJ 2), 7 (NUM 34, PROPN 1), 1994 (NUM 28, NOUN 1), 22 (NUM 15, PROPN 1), zero (NUM 5, NOUN 1), cinquecento (NUM 2, NOUN 1), novecento (NOUN 2, NUM 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: 1 (NUM 176, PROPN 1), 4 (NUM 60, PROPN 1), 5 (NUM 47, PROPN 1), sei (NUM 34, VERB 5, AUX 4), 7 (NUM 34, PROPN 1), 1994 (NUM 28, NOUN 1), venti (NUM 20, NOUN 4), un (DET 2191, NUM 16, PRON 1), 22 (NUM 15, PROPN 1), una (DET 1446, PRON 59, NUM 15, ADJ 2, NOUN 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of NUM is 1.009132 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.491496).

The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “cinquanta”: cinquant’, cinquanta, cinquant’.

The 2nd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “uno”: un, una, uno.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “quaranta”: quarant’, quaranta.

NUM occurs with 1 features: it-feat/NumType (4609; 100% instances)

NUM occurs with 3 feature-value pairs: NumType=Card, NumType=Gen, NumType=Range

NUM occurs with 3 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is NumType=Card (4584 tokens). Examples: due, 1, 2, tre, 3, cinque, mila, quattro, 4, 20

Relations

NUM nodes are attached to their parents using 15 different relations: it-dep/nummod (3455; 75% instances), it-dep/nmod (561; 12% instances), it-dep/conj (163; 4% instances), it-dep/compound (153; 3% instances), it-dep/root (86; 2% instances), it-dep/dobj (57; 1% instances), it-dep/name (56; 1% instances), it-dep/nsubj (42; 1% instances), it-dep/mwe (17; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubjpass (9; 0% instances), it-dep/acl:relcl (4; 0% instances), it-dep/advcl (2; 0% instances), it-dep/xcomp (2; 0% instances), it-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), it-dep/foreign (1; 0% instances)

Parents of NUM nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: NOUN (2822; 61% instances), VERB (932; 20% instances), NUM (340; 7% instances), PROPN (241; 5% instances), ROOT (86; 2% instances), SYM (84; 2% instances), ADJ (54; 1% instances), PRON (28; 1% instances), ADV (14; 0% instances), PUNCT (3; 0% instances), X (3; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances)

2484 (54%) NUM nodes are leaves.

677 (15%) NUM nodes have one child.

1065 (23%) NUM nodes have two children.

383 (8%) NUM nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a NUM node is 22.

Children of NUM nodes are attached using 24 different relations: it-dep/punct (1648; 38% instances), it-dep/det (836; 19% instances), it-dep/case (788; 18% instances), it-dep/nmod (299; 7% instances), it-dep/conj (210; 5% instances), it-dep/compound (152; 4% instances), it-dep/advmod (128; 3% instances), it-dep/cc (122; 3% instances), it-dep/nummod (34; 1% instances), it-dep/mwe (24; 1% instances), it-dep/amod (21; 0% instances), it-dep/cop (19; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubj (17; 0% instances), it-dep/advcl (11; 0% instances), it-dep/acl:relcl (5; 0% instances), it-dep/appos (4; 0% instances), it-dep/dobj (3; 0% instances), it-dep/parataxis (3; 0% instances), it-dep/mark (2; 0% instances), it-dep/aux (1; 0% instances), it-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), it-dep/det:poss (1; 0% instances), it-dep/det:predet (1; 0% instances), it-dep/neg (1; 0% instances)

Children of NUM nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: PUNCT (1648; 38% instances), DET (841; 19% instances), ADP (768; 18% instances), NUM (340; 8% instances), NOUN (317; 7% instances), ADV (150; 3% instances), CONJ (122; 3% instances), ADJ (65; 2% instances), VERB (40; 1% instances), PROPN (15; 0% instances), PRON (13; 0% instances), X (7; 0% instances), SCONJ (2; 0% instances), SYM (2; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)


NUM in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]