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PART: particle

Definition

Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech (e.g. adpositions, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions or auxiliary verbs).

In Slovenian, particles, such as ja “yes” and ne “no”, are always tagged as particles regardless whether they are used as as modal particles (Ne motiš se. “You are not wrong”) or as fedback particles that are not associated with another word or phrase (Ne, motiš se. “No, you are wrong.”).

Examples

Conversion from JOS

All particles are converted to PART.


Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian)

There are 46 PART lemmas (0%), 51 PART types (0%) and 4090 PART tokens (3%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 11 in number of lemmas, 11 in number of types and 12 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: tudi, ne, še, že, le, naj, prav, samo, seveda, sicer

The 10 most frequent PART types: tudi, ne, še, že, le, naj, prav, samo, seveda, sicer

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ne (PART 740, CONJ 22), naj (PART 185, SCONJ 52, ADJ 1), prav (PART 125, ADV 15), sicer (PART 82, CONJ 5), več (DET 125, PART 79, ADV 54), niti (PART 49, CONJ 16), zlasti (PART 14, ADV 1), da (SCONJ 1772, PART 8, X 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ne (PART 664, CONJ 20), naj (PART 175, SCONJ 47), prav (PART 93, ADV 13, VERB 2), samo (PART 103, ADJ 8), sicer (PART 60, CONJ 5), več (DET 121, PART 79, ADV 50), celo (PART 59, ADJ 4), niti (PART 43, CONJ 15), ravno (PART 28, ADJ 1), zlasti (PART 12, ADV 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.108696 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.894262).

The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “samo”: sam, samo, samó.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “naj”: naj, nej.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “tudi”: tud, tudi.

PART does not occur with any features.

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 9 different relations: sl-dep/advmod (3241; 79% instances), sl-dep/neg (671; 16% instances), sl-dep/mark (61; 1% instances), sl-dep/discourse (54; 1% instances), sl-dep/mwe (42; 1% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (12; 0% instances), sl-dep/root (5; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/dobj (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: VERB (3174; 78% instances), ADJ (473; 12% instances), NOUN (219; 5% instances), ADV (95; 2% instances), PRON (30; 1% instances), DET (28; 1% instances), NUM (27; 1% instances), CONJ (19; 0% instances), PART (13; 0% instances), ROOT (5; 0% instances), PROPN (4; 0% instances), SCONJ (3; 0% instances)

3948 (97%) PART nodes are leaves.

130 (3%) PART nodes have one child.

10 (0%) PART nodes have two children.

2 (0%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 3.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 3 different relations: sl-dep/mwe (83; 53% instances), sl-dep/punct (71; 46% instances), sl-dep/case (2; 1% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 6 different parts of speech: PUNCT (71; 46% instances), SCONJ (53; 34% instances), PART (13; 8% instances), ADV (10; 6% instances), CONJ (7; 4% instances), ADP (2; 1% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian-SST)

There are 46 PART lemmas (1%), 46 PART types (1%) and 2678 PART tokens (9%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 9 in number of lemmas, 11 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: ne, ja, tudi, še, že, no, samo, pač, seveda, naj

The 10 most frequent PART types: ne, ja, tudi, še, že, no, samo, pač, seveda, naj

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ne (PART 787, CONJ 2), prav (PART 18, ADV 8), da (SCONJ 533, PART 16, X 1), več (ADV 18, PART 16, DET 9), sicer (CONJ 15, PART 14), ravno (PART 4, ADV 1), edino (PART 1, ADV 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ne (PART 787, CONJ 2), še (PART 203, X 1), samo (PART 113, ADJ 1), naj (PART 27, X 1), ma (PART 19, X 2), prav (PART 18, ADV 8, VERB 1), da (SCONJ 533, PART 16, VERB 15, X 1), več (ADV 18, PART 16, DET 9), sicer (CONJ 15, PART 14), celo (PART 7, ADJ 6)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.575031).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “alora”: alora.

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “arki”: arki.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “baje”: baje.

PART does not occur with any features.

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 15 different relations: sl-dep/discourse (1150; 43% instances), sl-dep/advmod (917; 34% instances), sl-dep/neg (283; 11% instances), sl-dep/root (193; 7% instances), sl-dep/mwe (41; 2% instances), sl-dep/cc (37; 1% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (20; 1% instances), sl-dep/conj (12; 0% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (9; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (7; 0% instances), sl-dep/mark (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/csubj (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/case (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/conj:extend (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: VERB (1593; 59% instances), NOUN (266; 10% instances), ROOT (193; 7% instances), ADJ (167; 6% instances), ADV (144; 5% instances), PART (107; 4% instances), PRON (91; 3% instances), PROPN (38; 1% instances), INTJ (26; 1% instances), NUM (20; 1% instances), X (16; 1% instances), CONJ (12; 0% instances), ADP (2; 0% instances), DET (2; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)

2497 (93%) PART nodes are leaves.

106 (4%) PART nodes have one child.

37 (1%) PART nodes have two children.

38 (1%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 7.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 19 different relations: sl-dep/discourse (93; 29% instances), sl-dep/punct (67; 21% instances), sl-dep/mwe (39; 12% instances), sl-dep/advmod (24; 8% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (24; 8% instances), sl-dep/discourse:filler (18; 6% instances), sl-dep/cc (10; 3% instances), sl-dep/mark (8; 3% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (8; 3% instances), sl-dep/nmod (5; 2% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (5; 2% instances), sl-dep/conj (4; 1% instances), sl-dep/dobj (4; 1% instances), sl-dep/expl (3; 1% instances), sl-dep/foreign (2; 1% instances), sl-dep/neg (2; 1% instances), sl-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:discourse (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: PART (107; 34% instances), X (63; 20% instances), ADV (31; 10% instances), INTJ (29; 9% instances), PUNCT (26; 8% instances), SCONJ (17; 5% instances), CONJ (15; 5% instances), PRON (13; 4% instances), VERB (8; 3% instances), NOUN (5; 2% instances), ADP (3; 1% instances), ADJ (1; 0% instances), PROPN (1; 0% instances)


PART in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]