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PART: particle

Definition

Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech (e.g. adpositions, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions or auxiliary verbs).

In Slovenian, particles, such as ja “yes” and ne “no”, are always tagged as particles regardless whether they are used as as modal particles (Ne motiš se. “You are not wrong”) or as fedback particles that are not associated with another word or phrase (Ne, motiš se. “No, you are wrong.”).

Examples

• tudi “also”
• ne “no/not”
• še “yet/more”
• že “already”
• le “only/just”
• naj “should”
• samo “only”
• prav “ok/just”
• predvsem “mostly”
• sicer “else”
• celo “even”
• seveda “of course”

Conversion from JOS

All particles are converted to PART.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian)

There are 46 PART lemmas (0%), 51 PART types (0%) and 4090 PART tokens (3%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 11 in number of lemmas, 11 in number of types and 12 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: tudi, ne, še, že, le, naj, prav, samo, seveda, sicer

The 10 most frequent PART types: tudi, ne, še, že, le, naj, prav, samo, seveda, sicer

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ne (PART 740, CONJ 22), naj (PART 185, SCONJ 52, ADJ 1), prav (PART 125, ADV 15), sicer (PART 82, CONJ 5), več (DET 125, PART 79, ADV 54), niti (PART 49, CONJ 16), zlasti (PART 14, ADV 1), da (SCONJ 1772, PART 8, X 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ne (PART 664, CONJ 20), naj (PART 175, SCONJ 47), prav (PART 93, ADV 13, VERB 2), samo (PART 103, ADJ 8), sicer (PART 60, CONJ 5), več (DET 121, PART 79, ADV 50), celo (PART 59, ADJ 4), niti (PART 43, CONJ 15), ravno (PART 28, ADJ 1), zlasti (PART 12, ADV 1)

• ne
  • PART 664: Trenutna zakonodaja ne odraža zahtev in potreb industrijskih podjetij .
  • CONJ 20: Vendar o krvi ni ne duha ne sluha .
• naj
  • PART 175: S tem naj bi bila zagotovljena objektivnost .
  • SCONJ 47: Prosim , naj pridem pravočasno tja , je molila Barbara .
• prav
  • PART 93: Simpatična uradna stran z nekaj prav zanimivimi rubrikami .
  • ADV 13: Spet bi imela prav .
  • VERB 2: Se prav , da ostanem sam .
• samo
  • PART 103: Sekou ni prenehal igrati , samo stegnil je vrat , ko me je vprašal :
  • ADJ 8: Evharistični Kruh naj napravlja iz nas eno samo telo .
• sicer
  • PART 60: Sodišče sicer ni dvomilo , da je bila res pretepena .
  • CONJ 5: Evropa mora ohraniti kulture , ki so jo ustvarile , sicer bo usahnila .
• več
  • DET 121: Za zadovoljitev pomembne želje so pripravljeni vložiti več truda .
  • PART 79: Tragika te ženske : na koncu ji noben zdravnik ni več verjel .
  • ADV 50: Po svojem duhu je več kot vsa snovnost .
• celo
  • PART 59: V takšnem primeru se lahko bolnikovo stanje celo poslabša .
  • ADJ 4: Oblasti v Šanghaju , enem največjih mest na Kitajskem , so se zelo resno zavzele za izboljšanje podobe mesta in v ta namen sprejele celo vrsto ukrepov .
• niti
  • PART 43: Če te ne bi bilo , ne bi pomagal niti izredno ugoden splet okoliščin .
  • CONJ 15: Zgodovina človeštva ni niti logična niti pravična .
• ravno
  • PART 28: Bojim pa se , da ne bodo ravno realni .
  • ADJ 1: Usedite se na stol pred ogledalom in roko , s katero boste vlekli črto , naslonite na ravno in trdo podlago .
• zlasti
  • PART 12: Zlatovčice so zelo dobre in kot hrana zelo pomembne zlasti za ljudi na severu Kanade .
  • ADV 1: Navznoter pa deluje v tem svetu še posebna logika , ki jo oblikuje denar in še zlasti njegov pomen .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.108696 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.894262).

The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “samo”: sam, samo, samó.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “naj”: naj, nej.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “tudi”: tud, tudi.

PART does not occur with any features.

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 9 different relations: sl-dep/advmod (3241; 79% instances), sl-dep/neg (671; 16% instances), sl-dep/mark (61; 1% instances), sl-dep/discourse (54; 1% instances), sl-dep/mwe (42; 1% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (12; 0% instances), sl-dep/root (5; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/dobj (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: VERB (3174; 78% instances), ADJ (473; 12% instances), NOUN (219; 5% instances), ADV (95; 2% instances), PRON (30; 1% instances), DET (28; 1% instances), NUM (27; 1% instances), CONJ (19; 0% instances), PART (13; 0% instances), ROOT (5; 0% instances), PROPN (4; 0% instances), SCONJ (3; 0% instances)

3948 (97%) PART nodes are leaves.

130 (3%) PART nodes have one child.

10 (0%) PART nodes have two children.

2 (0%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 3.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 3 different relations: sl-dep/mwe (83; 53% instances), sl-dep/punct (71; 46% instances), sl-dep/case (2; 1% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 6 different parts of speech: PUNCT (71; 46% instances), SCONJ (53; 34% instances), PART (13; 8% instances), ADV (10; 6% instances), CONJ (7; 4% instances), ADP (2; 1% instances)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian-SST)

There are 46 PART lemmas (1%), 46 PART types (1%) and 2678 PART tokens (9%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 9 in number of lemmas, 11 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: ne, ja, tudi, še, že, no, samo, pač, seveda, naj

The 10 most frequent PART types: ne, ja, tudi, še, že, no, samo, pač, seveda, naj

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ne (PART 787, CONJ 2), prav (PART 18, ADV 8), da (SCONJ 533, PART 16, X 1), več (ADV 18, PART 16, DET 9), sicer (CONJ 15, PART 14), ravno (PART 4, ADV 1), edino (PART 1, ADV 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ne (PART 787, CONJ 2), še (PART 203, X 1), samo (PART 113, ADJ 1), naj (PART 27, X 1), ma (PART 19, X 2), prav (PART 18, ADV 8, VERB 1), da (SCONJ 533, PART 16, VERB 15, X 1), več (ADV 18, PART 16, DET 9), sicer (CONJ 15, PART 14), celo (PART 7, ADJ 6)

• ne
  • PART 787: ja ne moreš
  • CONJ 2: no pri eee prispevku pri registraciji bi [gap] za sto evrov in gotovo pa pa ne bi bilo ne vinjet pa ne kontrole na cesti pa razmetavanja za take neumnosti
• še
  • PART 203: saj še ne vem kam v avstralijo ali pa v ameriko
  • X 1: [name:personal] ti to kar še [gap] seštej
• samo
  • PART 113: pol je pa samo
  • ADJ 1: eee izkušnja v letih za samo vzdrževanje eee cest eee ta nivo vzdrževanja tako imenovani standard je padel po v letih nazaj pod petdeset procentov
• naj
  • PART 27: ja glej kaj pa naj delam
  • X 1: ampak se vam ne zdi če pravite da pride nazaj eee ne ne glede na ceno v roke države ne u [gap] za razliko bo pa gospod [name:surname] pa gospod [name:surname] plačala kredite ki sta jih naj [gap] najela za lastninjenje laškega
• ma
  • PART 19: ma [gap] b [gap] važno da imava denar [gap]
  • X 2: dobro jutro bom rekel sicer je že ma [gap] še malo zgodaj za zjutraj
• prav
  • PART 18: prav eem
  • ADV 8: jaz mislim da je danes prav da se zahvalimo tudi policistom in tem vojakom
  • VERB 1: eno veterinarko prav
• da
  • SCONJ 533: tako da
  • PART 16: a da
  • VERB 15: eem zdaj še ena zanimiv podatek se da iz tega grafa razbrati
  • X 1: genau wo ist den das ? ach so da
• več
  • ADV 18: polovico več ne rabimo da vidimo preskok
  • PART 16: ne ne bom več [all:laughter] ampak ne ful mi je dober
  • DET 9: dvajsetletno hči iz prvega zakona naj bi spolno zlorabljal več let
• sicer
  • CONJ 15: mislim sicer eem okej ful sem pogrešala jaz kolege pa to ful
  • PART 14: dobro jutro bom rekel sicer je že ma [gap] še malo zgodaj za zjutraj
• celo
  • PART 7: tako da mogoče je to celo zanimivo ne
  • ADJ 6: ti boš v bistvu celo solato naredil ne ?

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.575031).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “alora”: alora.

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “arki”: arki.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “baje”: baje.

PART does not occur with any features.

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 15 different relations: sl-dep/discourse (1150; 43% instances), sl-dep/advmod (917; 34% instances), sl-dep/neg (283; 11% instances), sl-dep/root (193; 7% instances), sl-dep/mwe (41; 2% instances), sl-dep/cc (37; 1% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (20; 1% instances), sl-dep/conj (12; 0% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (9; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (7; 0% instances), sl-dep/mark (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/csubj (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/case (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/conj:extend (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: VERB (1593; 59% instances), NOUN (266; 10% instances), ROOT (193; 7% instances), ADJ (167; 6% instances), ADV (144; 5% instances), PART (107; 4% instances), PRON (91; 3% instances), PROPN (38; 1% instances), INTJ (26; 1% instances), NUM (20; 1% instances), X (16; 1% instances), CONJ (12; 0% instances), ADP (2; 0% instances), DET (2; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)

2497 (93%) PART nodes are leaves.

106 (4%) PART nodes have one child.

37 (1%) PART nodes have two children.

38 (1%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 7.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 19 different relations: sl-dep/discourse (93; 29% instances), sl-dep/punct (67; 21% instances), sl-dep/mwe (39; 12% instances), sl-dep/advmod (24; 8% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (24; 8% instances), sl-dep/discourse:filler (18; 6% instances), sl-dep/cc (10; 3% instances), sl-dep/mark (8; 3% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (8; 3% instances), sl-dep/nmod (5; 2% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (5; 2% instances), sl-dep/conj (4; 1% instances), sl-dep/dobj (4; 1% instances), sl-dep/expl (3; 1% instances), sl-dep/foreign (2; 1% instances), sl-dep/neg (2; 1% instances), sl-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:discourse (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: PART (107; 34% instances), X (63; 20% instances), ADV (31; 10% instances), INTJ (29; 9% instances), PUNCT (26; 8% instances), SCONJ (17; 5% instances), CONJ (15; 5% instances), PRON (13; 4% instances), VERB (8; 3% instances), NOUN (5; 2% instances), ADP (3; 1% instances), ADJ (1; 0% instances), PROPN (1; 0% instances)

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PART in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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