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dislocated: dislocated elements

The dislocated relation is used for fronted or postposed elements that do not fulfill the usual core grammatical relations of a sentence. Dislocated elements are attached to the same governor as the dependent that they double for.

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Peter , honom gillar jag inte \n Peter, I don't like him
dislocated(gillar, Peter)
dobj(gillar, honom)
{
    "text": "Peter , honom gillar jag inte \n Peter, I don't like him ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 21, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 25, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 32, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 39, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 41, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 47, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 52, 55 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "dislocated", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

A frequent case in Swedish is that of an adverbial clause resumed by the pronominal adverb så:

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Släpper vi in britterna , så drar de med sig danskar \n If we let the Brits in they'll bring the Danish with them
dislocated(drar, Släpper)
advcl(drar, så)
{
    "text": "Släpper vi in britterna , så drar de med sig danskar \n If we let the Brits in they'll bring the Danish with them ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 24, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 26, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 29, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 34, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 37, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 41, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 45, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 55, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T14", "token", [ [ 58, 60 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T15", "token", [ [ 61, 64 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T16", "token", [ [ 65, 68 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T17", "token", [ [ 69, 74 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T18", "token", [ [ 75, 77 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T19", "token", [ [ 78, 85 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T20", "token", [ [ 86, 91 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T21", "token", [ [ 92, 95 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T22", "token", [ [ 96, 102 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T23", "token", [ [ 103, 107 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T24", "token", [ [ 108, 112 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "dislocated", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "advcl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

In addition, the dislocated relation is used for the focus element in a cleft sentence. This is a slight abuse of the relation, because the focus element is not a dislocated dependent of its syntactic head, but rather of the predicate in the relative clause making up the second part of the cleft construction.

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Det var Peter som gjorde det \n It was Peter who did it
dislocated(var, Peter)
expletive(var, Det)
acl:relcl(Peter, gjorde)
nsubj(gjorde, som)
dobj(gjorde, det)
{
    "text": "Det var Peter som gjorde det \n It was Peter who did it ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 18, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 25, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 31, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 34, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 38, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 44, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 48, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 52, 54 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "dislocated", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "expletive", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R3", "acl:relcl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R4", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R5", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish)

This relation is universal.

218 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as dislocated.

116 instances of dislocated (53%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 5.43119266055046.

The following 18 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dislocated: VERB-NOUN (100; 46% instances), VERB-VERB (36; 17% instances), VERB-PRON (32; 15% instances), ADJ-PRON (10; 5% instances), VERB-ADJ (7; 3% instances), VERB-ADV (7; 3% instances), ADJ-VERB (5; 2% instances), NOUN-NOUN (4; 2% instances), NOUN-VERB (4; 2% instances), VERB-PROPN (4; 2% instances), PRON-NOUN (2; 1% instances), ADJ-ADV (1; 0% instances), NOUN-ADJ (1; 0% instances), NOUN-DET (1; 0% instances), NOUN-NUM (1; 0% instances), NOUN-PRON (1; 0% instances), PRON-ADJ (1; 0% instances), VERB-NUM (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 1 dislocated	color:blue
1	Bördan	börda	NOUN	NN|UTR|SIN|DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	7	dislocated	_	_
2	att	att	PART	IE	_	3	mark	_	_
3	fostra	fostra	VERB	VB|INF|AKT	VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act	1	acl	_	_
4	barn	barn	NOUN	NN|NEU|PLU|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur	3	dobj	_	_
5	-	-	PUNCT	MID	_	1	punct	_	_
6	uttrycket	uttryck	NOUN	NN|NEU|SIN|DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	låter	låta	VERB	VB|PRS|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
8	negativt	negativ	ADJ	JJ|POS|NEU|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	_
9	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	7	punct	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 1 dislocated	color:blue
1	Äger	äga	VERB	VB|PRS|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	8	dislocated	_	_
2	du	du	PRON	PN|UTR|SIN|DEF|SUB	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs	1	nsubj	_	_
3	några	någon	PRON	PN|UTR/NEU|PLU|IND|SUB/OBJ	Definite=Ind|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind	1	dobj	_	_
4	av	av	ADP	PP	_	6	case	_	_
5	följande	följande	ADJ	PC|PRS|UTR/NEU|SIN/PLU|IND/DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	det	_	_
6	saker	sak	NOUN	NN|UTR|PLU|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	så	så	ADV	AB	_	8	advcl	_	_
8	ta	ta	VERB	VB|INF|AKT	VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
9	med	med	ADP	PL	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	även	även	ADV	AB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	dem	de	PRON	PN|UTR/NEU|PLU|DEF|OBJ	Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs	8	dobj	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	MAD	_	8	punct	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 4 dislocated	color:blue
1	Då	då	ADV	AB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	var	vara	VERB	VB|PRT|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
3	det	den	PRON	PN|NEU|SIN|DEF|SUB/OBJ	Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs	2	expl	_	_
4	hon	hon	PRON	PN|UTR|SIN|DEF|SUB	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs	2	dislocated	_	_
5	som	som	PRON	HP|-|-|-	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
6	var	vara	VERB	VB|PRT|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	8	cop	_	_
7	mest	mycket	ADV	AB|SUV	Degree=Sup	8	advmod	_	_
8	yrkesverksam	yrkesverksam	ADJ	JJ|POS|UTR|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	2	punct	_	_

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish-LinES)

This relation is universal.

228 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as dislocated.

139 instances of dislocated (61%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 5.8640350877193.

The following 25 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dislocated: VERB-VERB (55; 24% instances), VERB-NOUN (48; 21% instances), VERB-PRON (46; 20% instances), PRON-VERB (15; 7% instances), VERB-ADJ (12; 5% instances), NOUN-VERB (9; 4% instances), VERB-PROPN (7; 3% instances), VERB-ADV (5; 2% instances), PROPN-VERB (4; 2% instances), ADJ-PRON (3; 1% instances), NOUN-NOUN (3; 1% instances), PRON-PRON (3; 1% instances), ADJ-NOUN (2; 1% instances), ADJ-VERB (2; 1% instances), AUX-PRON (2; 1% instances), NOUN-PRON (2; 1% instances), VERB-AUX (2; 1% instances), ADJ-PART (1; 0% instances), ADJ-PROPN (1; 0% instances), ADP-PRON (1; 0% instances), PRON-NOUN (1; 0% instances), PRON-NUM (1; 0% instances), PRON-PROPN (1; 0% instances), PUNCT-PROPN (1; 0% instances), VERB-ADP (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 10	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10	fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 4 dislocated	color:blue
1	Men	_	CONJ	_	_	4	cc	_	_
2	om	_	SCONJ	_	_	4	mark	_	_
3	jag	_	PRON	PERS-P1SG-NOM	_	4	nsubj	_	_
4	är	_	VERB	PRES-ACT	_	10	dislocated	_	_
5	på	_	ADP	_	_	6	case	_	_
6	väg	_	NOUN	SG-IND-NOM	_	4	nmod	_	_
7	ut	_	ADV	_	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	--	_	PUNCT	Dash	_	4	punct	_	_
9	vart	_	ADV	WH	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	är	_	VERB	PRES-ACT	_	0	root	_	_
11	jag	_	PRON	PERS-P1SG-NOM	_	10	nsubj	_	_
12	då	_	ADV	_	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	på	_	ADP	_	_	14	case	_	_
14	väg	_	NOUN	SG-IND-NOM	_	10	nmod	_	_
15	?	_	PUNCT	QuestionMark	_	10	punct	_	_

# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 3 dislocated	color:blue
1	Fem	_	NUM	CARD-PL	_	2	nummod	_	_
2	års	_	NOUN	IND-GEN	_	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	praktik	_	NOUN	SG-IND-NOM	_	8	dislocated	_	_
4	.	_	PUNCT	Period	_	8	punct	_	_
5	Men	_	CONJ	_	_	8	cc	_	_
6	kan	_	AUX	PRES-AUX	_	8	aux	_	_
7	ni	_	PRON	PERS-P2PL-NOM	_	8	nsubj	_	_
8	gissa	_	VERB	INF-ACT	_	0	root	_	_
9	som	_	ADP	_	_	10	case	_	_
10	vad	_	PRON	WH	_	8	dobj	_	_
11	?	_	PUNCT	QuestionMark	_	6	punct	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 dislocated	color:blue
1	Vad	_	PRON	WH	_	2	dislocated	_	_
2	sysslar	_	VERB	PRES-ACT	_	0	root	_	_
3	ni	_	PRON	PERS-P2PL-NOM	_	2	nsubj	_	_
4	med	_	ADP	_	_	1	case	_	_
5	?	_	PUNCT	QuestionMark	_	2	punct	_	_

---

dislocated in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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