punct: punctuation
This is used for any piece of punctuation in a clause. See
Jdi domů ! \n Go home !
punct(Jdi, !-3)
punct(Go, !-7)
Tokens with the relation punct always attach to content words (except in cases of ellipsis) and can never have dependents.
Since punct is not a normal dependency relation, the usual criteria for determining the head word do not apply.
Instead, we use the following principles:
- A punctuation mark separating coordinated units is attached to the first conjunct.
- A punctuation mark preceding or following a subordinated unit is attached to this unit.
- Within the relevant unit, a punctuation mark is attached at the highest possible node that preserves projectivity.
- Paired punctuation marks (quotes and brackets) should be attached to the same word unless that would create non-projectivity. This word is usually the head of the phrase enclosed in the paired punctuation.
Máme jablka , hrušky , pomeranče a banány . \n We-have apples , pears , oranges and bananas .
dobj(Máme, jablka)
dobj(We-have, apples)
conj(jablka, hrušky)
conj(jablka, pomeranče)
conj(jablka, banány)
conj(apples, pears)
conj(apples, oranges)
conj(apples, bananas)
cc(jablka, a)
cc(apples, and)
punct(jablka, ,-3)
punct(jablka, ,-5)
punct(apples, ,-13)
punct(apples, ,-15)
Muž , kterého jste včera viděl , přišel zas . \n Man , whom you-have yesterday seen , came again .
punct(viděl, ,-2)
punct(seen, ,-13)
punct(viděl, ,-7)
punct(seen, ,-18)
punct(přišel, .-10)
punct(came, .-21)
Zkratka např . znamená „ například “ . \n The-abbreviation eg . means “ for-example ” .
punct(např, .-3)
punct(eg, .-12)
punct(například, „-5)
punct(for-example, “-14)
punct(například, “-7)
punct(for-example, ”-16)
punct(znamená, .-8)
punct(means, .-17)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This relation is universal.
220977 nodes (15%) are attached to their parents as punct.
156734 instances of punct (71%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 7.24892635885183.
The following 18 pairs of parts of speech are connected with punct: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PUNCT (126083; 57% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PUNCT (40359; 18% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/PUNCT (19518; 9% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PUNCT (17741; 8% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/PUNCT (11542; 5% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/PUNCT (2977; 1% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/PUNCT (1657; 1% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/PUNCT (515; 0% instances), cs-pos/PUNCT-cs-pos/PUNCT (158; 0% instances), cs-pos/DET-cs-pos/PUNCT (129; 0% instances), cs-pos/CONJ-cs-pos/PUNCT (73; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/PUNCT (72; 0% instances), cs-pos/INTJ-cs-pos/PUNCT (68; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/PUNCT (40; 0% instances), cs-pos/SCONJ-cs-pos/PUNCT (31; 0% instances), cs-pos/X-cs-pos/PUNCT (11; 0% instances), cs-pos/AUX-cs-pos/PUNCT (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 4 punct color:blue
1 Potřebujete potřebovat VERB VB-P---2P-AA--- Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
2 rychle rychle ADV Dg-------1A---- Degree=Pos|Negative=Pos 3 advmod _ LDeriv=rychlý
3 poradit poradit VERB Vf--------A---- Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 1 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
4 ? ? PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 punct color:blue
1 | | PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
2 Rady rada NOUN NNFP1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 0 root _ LId=rada-1|LGloss=(př._dát_někomu_dobrou_radu)
3 na na ADP RR--4---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 4 case _ LId=na-1
4 telefon telefon NOUN NNIS4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _
5 | | PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
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# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 punct color:blue
1 P P PROPN NNMXX-----A---8 Abbr=Yes|Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Negative=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No|LId=P-0
2 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
3 L L PROPN NNMXX-----A---8 Abbr=Yes|Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|NameType=Sur|Negative=Pos 1 name _ SpaceAfter=No|LId=L-9
4 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
6 Ostrava Ostrava PROPN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 1 dep _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)
This relation is universal.
60122 nodes (12%) are attached to their parents as punct.
43952 instances of punct (73%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 9.08610824656532.
The following 18 pairs of parts of speech are connected with punct: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PUNCT (37539; 62% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PUNCT (13327; 22% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PUNCT (5561; 9% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/PUNCT (1439; 2% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/PUNCT (925; 2% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/PUNCT (625; 1% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/PUNCT (323; 1% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/PUNCT (200; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/PUNCT (68; 0% instances), cs-pos/SCONJ-cs-pos/PUNCT (50; 0% instances), cs-pos/DET-cs-pos/PUNCT (28; 0% instances), cs-pos/CONJ-cs-pos/PUNCT (11; 0% instances), cs-pos/AUX-cs-pos/PUNCT (10; 0% instances), cs-pos/INTJ-cs-pos/PUNCT (9; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/SYM (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/PUNCT (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/PUNCT-cs-pos/PUNCT (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 10 punct color:blue
1 Zvýšené zvýšený ADJ AANS4----1A---- Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 amod _ LDeriv=zvýšit
2 úsilí úsilí NOUN NNNS4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 dobj _ _
3 budeme být AUX VB-P---1F-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 aux _ _
4 věnovat věnovat VERB Vf--------A---- Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
5 zavádění zavádění NOUN NNNS3-----A---- Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 iobj _ LDeriv=zavádět
6 nových nový ADJ AAIP2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 7 amod _ _
7 poznatků poznatek NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _
8 do do ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 9 case _ LId=do-1
9 praxe praxe NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 4 punct _ _
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 9 punct color:blue
1 Vypracování vypracování NOUN NNNS4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ LDeriv=vypracovat
2 nových nový ADJ AAIP2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 3 amod _ _
3 principů princip NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _
4 regulace regulace NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _
5 vodního vodní ADJ AAIS2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 6 amod _ _
6 režimu režim NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _
7 v v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 8 case _ LId=v-1
8 půdě půda NOUN NNFS6-----A---- Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 10 punct color:blue
1 Stav stav NOUN NNIS1-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _
2 a a CONJ J^------------- _ 1 cc _ LId=a-1
3 využívání využívání NOUN NNNS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 1 conj _ LDeriv=využít
4 půdního půdní ADJ AAIS2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 amod _ _
5 fondu fond NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _
6 jsou být VERB VB-P---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 9 cop _ _
7 u u ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 8 case _ LId=u-1
8 nás já PRON PP-P2--1------- Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nmod _ _
9 neuspokojivé uspokojivý ADJ AAIP1----1N---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 9 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)
This relation is universal.
3991 nodes (11%) are attached to their parents as punct.
2347 instances of punct (59%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 17.1911801553495.
The following 11 pairs of parts of speech are connected with punct: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PUNCT (2157; 54% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PUNCT (1273; 32% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PUNCT (314; 8% instances), cs-pos/X-cs-pos/PUNCT (125; 3% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/PUNCT (86; 2% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/PUNCT (16; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/PUNCT (8; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/PUNCT (8; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/PUNCT (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/DET-cs-pos/PUNCT (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/SCONJ-cs-pos/PUNCT (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 7 punct color:blue
1 Stanovená stanovený ADJ AAFS1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
2 doba doba NOUN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
3 nesmí smět VERB VB-S---3P-NA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 přesáhnout přesáhnout VERB Vf--------A---- Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _
5 účetní účetní ADJ AANS4----1A---- Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 6 amod _ LId=účetní-1
6 období období NOUN NNNS4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 3 punct _ _
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 6 punct color:blue
1 OBSAHOVÉ obsahový ADJ AANS1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
2 VYMEZENÍ vymezení NOUN NNNS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
3 NĚKTERÝCH některý DET PZXP2---------- Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind 4 det _ _
4 POLOŽEK položka NOUN NNFP2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _
5 ROZVAHY rozvaha NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _
6 ( ( PUNCT Z:------------- _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
7 BILANCE bilance NOUN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 appos _ SpaceAfter=No
8 ) ) PUNCT Z:------------- _ 7 punct _ _
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# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 3 punct color:blue
1 USTANOVENÍ ustanovení NOUN NNNS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
2 SPOLEČNÁ společný ADJ AAFS1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 1 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
4 PŘECHODNÁ přechodný ADJ AAFS1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 conj _ _
5 A a CONJ J^------------- _ 2 cc _ LId=a-1
6 ZÁVĚREČNÁ závěrečný ADJ AAFS1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 conj _ _
punct in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]