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vocative: vocative

The vocative relation is used to mark dialogue participant addressed in text (common in emails and newsgroup postings). The relation links the addressee’s name to its host sentence.

Guys , take it easy!
vocative(take, Guys)

Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

This relation is universal.

155 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as vocative.

88 instances of vocative (57%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 3.1741935483871.

The following 16 pairs of parts of speech are connected with vocative: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (44; 28% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PROPN (40; 26% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/PROPN (15; 10% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (12; 8% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NOUN (11; 7% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/PROPN (9; 6% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/NOUN (7; 5% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/PROPN (6; 4% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/DET (2; 1% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/NOUN (2; 1% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/PROPN (2; 1% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/NOUN (1; 1% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/PRON (1; 1% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PRON (1; 1% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/PROPN (1; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NUM (1; 1% instances).

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6 1 vocative	color:blue
1	Malach	Malach	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	nsubj	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	dobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_

# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 2 3 vocative	color:blue
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Debra	Debra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	vocative	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 1 2 vocative	color:blue
1	Welcome	welcome	INTJ	UH	_	0	root	_	_
2	Darin	Darin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_


Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ESL)

This relation is universal.

16 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as vocative.

8 instances of vocative (50%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 3.3125.

The following 5 pairs of parts of speech are connected with vocative: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (11; 69% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NOUN (2; 13% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/PROPN (1; 6% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/PROPN (1; 6% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (1; 6% instances).

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 1 4 vocative	color:blue
1	_	_	VERB	VB	_	0	root	_	_
2	_	_	PRON	PRP	_	1	dobj	_	_
3	_	_	PROPN	NNP	_	4	compound	_	_
4	_	_	PROPN	NNP	_	1	vocative	_	_
5	_	_	PROPN	NNP	_	4	name	_	_
6	_	_	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	_	_	CONJ	CC	_	1	cc	_	_
8	_	_	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	_
9	_	_	VERB	VB	_	1	conj	_	_
10	_	_	PRON	PRP	_	9	dobj	_	_
11	_	_	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
12	_	_	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 7 2 vocative	color:blue
1	_	_	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	_	_	NOUN	NNS	_	7	vocative	_	_
3	_	_	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	_	_	DET	WDT	_	7	nsubj	_	_
5	_	_	VERB	VBD	_	7	cop	_	_
6	_	_	DET	DT	_	7	det	_	_
7	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	0	root	_	_
8	_	_	PRON	PRP	_	9	nsubj	_	_
9	_	_	VERB	VBD	_	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	_	_	VERB	VBD	_	9	xcomp	_	_
11	_	_	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	_	_	DET	PRP$	_	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	_	_	NOUN	NNS	_	10	nmod	_	_
14	_	_	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	_	_	DET	DT	_	17	det	_	_
16	_	_	ADJ	JJ	_	17	amod	_	_
17	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	10	nmod	_	_
18	_	_	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
19	_	_	CONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
20	_	_	ADV	WRB	_	23	advmod	_	_
21	_	_	PRON	PRP	_	23	nsubj	_	_
22	_	_	AUX	MD	_	23	aux	_	_
23	_	_	VERB	VB	_	30	advcl	_	_
24	_	_	DET	DT	_	25	det	_	_
25	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	23	dobj	_	_
26	_	_	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	_	_	DET	PRP$	_	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	25	nmod	_	_
29	_	_	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	_	_	VERB	VBP	_	7	conj	_	_
31	_	_	DET	DT	_	35	det	_	_
32	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	35	punct	_	_
33	_	_	PROPN	NNP	_	35	compound	_	_
34	_	_	PUNCT	HYPH	_	35	punct	_	_
35	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	30	dobj	_	_
36	_	_	PUNCT	''	_	35	punct	_	_
37	_	_	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
38	_	_	ADJ	JJ	_	39	amod	_	_
39	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	30	nmod:npmod	_	_
40	_	_	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
41	_	_	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
42	_	_	CONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
43	_	_	PRON	PRP	_	45	nsubj	_	_
44	_	_	AUX	MD	_	45	aux	_	_
45	_	_	VERB	VB	_	30	conj	_	_
46	_	_	DET	DT	_	47	det	_	_
47	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	45	dobj	_	_
48	_	_	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
49	_	_	DET	DT	_	51	det	_	_
50	_	_	ADJ	JJ	_	51	amod	_	_
51	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	47	nmod	_	_
52	_	_	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_

# visual-style 24	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 19	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 19 24 vocative	color:blue
1	_	_	PROPN	NNP	_	3	nsubj	_	_
2	_	_	AUX	MD	_	3	aux	_	_
3	_	_	VERB	VBG	_	0	root	_	_
4	_	_	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	_	_	DET	DT	_	6	det	_	_
6	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	9	nsubj	_	_
7	_	_	AUX	MD	_	9	aux	_	_
8	_	_	VERB	VB	_	9	cop	_	_
9	_	_	ADJ	JJ	_	3	ccomp	_	_
10	_	_	ADV	WRB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	_	_	DET	DT	_	12	det	_	_
12	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	13	nsubj	_	_
13	_	_	VERB	VBD	_	3	advcl	_	_
14	_	_	DET	DT	_	15	det	_	_
15	_	_	NOUN	NNS	_	13	dobj	_	_
16	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	_
17	_	_	PRON	PRP	_	19	nsubj	_	_
18	_	_	VERB	VBP	_	19	cop	_	_
19	_	_	ADJ	JJ	_	15	parataxis	_	_
20	_	_	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	_	_	VERB	VB	_	19	ccomp	_	_
22	_	_	PRON	PRP	_	21	dobj	_	_
23	_	_	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
24	_	_	PROPN	NNP	_	19	vocative	_	_
25	_	_	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
26	_	_	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_


Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)

This relation is universal.

94 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as vocative.

50 instances of vocative (53%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 4.71276595744681.

The following 14 pairs of parts of speech are connected with vocative: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/NOUN (41; 44% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (23; 24% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NOUN (9; 10% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/PROPN (5; 5% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/NOUN (4; 4% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PROPN (4; 4% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/ADJ (1; 1% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/NOUN (1; 1% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/NOUN (1; 1% instances), en-pos/INTJ-en-pos/PROPN (1; 1% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/PROPN (1; 1% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/PROPN (1; 1% instances), en-pos/PUNCT-en-pos/PROPN (1; 1% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (1; 1% instances).

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5 2 vocative	color:blue
1	Good	_	ADJ	POS	_	2	amod	_	_
2	Lord	_	NOUN	SG	_	5	vocative	_	_
3	,	_	PUNCT	Comma	_	2	punct	_	_
4	I	_	PRON	PERS-P1SG-NOM	_	5	nsubj	_	_
5	've	_	VERB	PRES	_	0	root	_	_
6	no	_	DET	NEG	_	7	neg	_	_
7	idea	_	NOUN	SG	_	5	dobj	_	_
8	,	_	PUNCT	Comma	_	5	punct	_	_
9	I	_	PRON	PERS-P1SG-NOM	_	11	nsubj	_	_
10	'm	_	VERB	PRES	_	11	cop	_	_
11	sure	_	ADJ	POS	_	5	conj	_	_
12	he	_	PRON	PERS-P3SG-NOM	_	13	nsubj	_	_
13	has	_	VERB	PRES	_	5	ccomp	_	_
14	n't	_	PART	NEG	_	13	neg	_	_
15	either	_	ADV	_	_	13	advmod	_	_
16	.	_	PUNCT	Period	_	5	punct	_	_

# visual-style 10	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 3 10 vocative	color:blue
1	May	_	AUX	PRES-AUX	_	3	aux	_	_
2	I	_	PRON	PERS-P1SG-NOM	_	3	nsubj	_	_
3	take	_	VERB	INF	_	0	root	_	_
4	your	_	PRON	P2-GEN	_	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	coats	_	NOUN	PL	_	3	dobj	_	_
6	,	_	PUNCT	Comma	_	5	punct	_	_
7	Mr	_	NOUN	SG	_	10	compound	_	_
8	and	_	CONJ	_	_	7	cc	_	_
9	Mrs	_	NOUN	SG	_	7	conj	_	_
10	Mason	_	PROPN	SG	_	3	vocative	_	_
11	?	_	PUNCT	QuestionMark	_	3	punct	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 9 2 vocative	color:blue
1	Madam	_	NOUN	SG	_	2	compound	_	_
2	President	_	NOUN	SG	_	9	vocative	_	_
3	,	_	PUNCT	Comma	_	2	punct	_	_
4	there	_	PRON	EX	_	9	expl	_	_
5	has	_	AUX	PRES-AUX	_	9	aux	_	_
6	clearly	_	ADV	_	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	been	_	AUX	PERF	_	9	cop	_	_
8	a	_	DET	IND-SG	_	9	det	_	_
9	misunderstanding	_	NOUN	SG	_	0	root	_	_
10	.	_	PUNCT	Period	_	9	punct	_	_


vocative in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]