cc: coordinating conjunction
Coordinating conjunctions are marked as dependents of the first
coordinated element, and the dependency type used is cc.
kirjat , kynät ja viivottimet \n books , pencils and rulers
conj(kirjat-1, kynät-3)
punct(kirjat-1, ,-2)
cc(kirjat-1, ja-4)
conj(kirjat-1, viivottimet-5)
Coordinating conjunctions that consist of parts separated by
coordinated elements are annotated so that the first part is marked with
the type cc:preconj and the second part with cc in the regular
fashion. Adjacent parts of acting as a single conjunction are joined
together with the mwe dependency relation with the initial word
as the head and others as direct dependents of this word.
toisaalta kynät , toisaalta viivottimet \n on_the_one_hand pencils , on_the_other_hand rulers
cc:preconj(kynät-2, toisaalta-1)
punct(kynät-2, ,-3)
cc(kynät-2, toisaalta-4)
conj(kynät-2, viivottimet-5)
kynät ja / tai viivottimet \n pencils and / or rulers
cc(kynät-1, ja-2)
mwe(ja-2, /-3)
mwe(ja-2, tai-4)
conj(kynät-1, viivottimet-5)
Coordinating conjunctions are a closed class of words, and the main conjunctions are as follows:
- ja “and”
- sekä “and”
- sekä… että “both… and”
- -kä “attached to negation words, nor”
- eli “a.k.a.”
- tai “or”
- vai “or” (in a question context)
- joko… tai “either… or”
- mutta “but”
- vaan “but” (in a negative context)
In addition, certain less frequent words or combinations of words are marked as coordinating conjunctions in TDT, namely:
- &
- elikkä “colloquial version of eli, a.k.a”
- ja / tai “and / or”
- ja toisaalta “and on the other hand”
- kuin “as/like”
- kuin myös “as also”
- kuten “like also”
- milloin… milloin “when… when”
- mitä… sitä “the… the”
- niin… kuin “as well as”
- niin kuin “like”
- paitsi että “except that” (a two-part preconjunction, see cc:preconj)
- paitsi… myös “not only… but also”
- saati “let alone”
- saati että “let alone that”
- saatikka “let alone”
- samoin kuin “the same way as”
- siinä missä “as much as”
- sitä… mitä “the… the”
- sitä mukaa… mitä (a version of “the… the”)
- sun muuta “et cetera”
- toisaalta… ja/mutta toisaalta “on the one hand… and/but on the other hand”
- toisaalta… toisaalta “on the one hand… on the other hand”
- vaikka “although” (also a subordinating conjunction)
- vuoroin… ja vuoroin “in turn… and in turn”
- vuoroin… vuoroin “in turn… in turn”
- yhtä lailla… kuin (+kin) “as well as (also)”
- ym. “etc.”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of cc: cc:preconj.
7420 nodes (4%) are attached to their parents as cc.
7200 instances of cc (97%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.40350404312668.
The following 30 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cc: fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/CONJ (2908; 39% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/CONJ (2761; 37% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/CONJ (602; 8% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/CONJ (586; 8% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/CONJ (139; 2% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (118; 2% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/CONJ (88; 1% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/CONJ (78; 1% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (40; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (23; 0% instances), fi-pos/SYM-fi-pos/CONJ (13; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/CONJ (11; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADV (10; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/SYM (7; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (6; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADV (6; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/CONJ (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/CONJ (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/SYM (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/X (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/X (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
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1 Tässä tämä PRON Pron Case=Ine|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 nmod 8:nmod _
2 hieman hieman ADV Adv _ 3 advmod _ _
3 yleiskuvaa yleis#kuva NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
4 showroomilta showroom NOUN N Case=Abl|Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _
5 ja ja CONJ C _ 3 cc _ _
6 lisää lisää ADV Adv _ 8 advmod _ _
7 tuttuja tuttu ADJ A Case=Par|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 8 amod _ _
8 naamoja naama NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Plur 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ _
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1 Ja ja CONJ C _ 3 cc _ _
2 mitä mikä PRON Pron Case=Par|Number=Sing|PronType=Int 3 dobj _ _
3 kustantaa kustantaa VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 valmis valmis ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 5 amod _ _
5 dolly dolly X Foreign Foreign=Foreign 3 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
6 ? ? PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ _
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# visual-style 3 4 cc color:blue
1 Paita paita NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 3 nsubj:cop _ _
2 on olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 cop _ _
3 valkoinen valkoinen ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
4 ja ja CONJ C _ 3 cc _ _
5 siinä se PRON Pron Case=Ine|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 6 nmod _ _
6 on olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 conj _ _
7 värikkäitä värikäs ADJ A Case=Par|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 8 amod _ _
8 kukkia kukka NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This relation is universal.
4727 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as cc.
4076 instances of cc (86%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.89485931880685.
The following 14 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cc: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/CONJ (1956; 41% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/CONJ (1595; 34% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/CONJ (533; 11% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/CONJ (333; 7% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/CONJ (137; 3% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/CONJ (77; 2% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/CONJ (50; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/CONJ (11; 0% instances), fi-pos/PART-fi-pos/CONJ (11; 0% instances), fi-pos/SCONJ-fi-pos/CONJ (10; 0% instances), fi-pos/DET-fi-pos/CONJ (7; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/CONJ (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/CONJ (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/X (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
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1 Riki riki PROPN N,Prop,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
2 alkoi alkaa VERB V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 aux _ _
3 kantaa kantaa VERB V,Act,InfA,Lat Case=Lat|InfForm=1|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 laukkuja laukku NOUN N,Pl,Par Case=Par|Number=Plur 3 dobj _ _
5 hissiin hissi NOUN N,Sg,Ill Case=Ill|Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _
6 ja ja CONJ Pcle,CC _ 3 cc _ _
7 mahdutti mahduttaa VERB V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 conj _ _
8 ne ne PRON Pron,Dem,Pl,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 7 dobj _ _
9 autoonsa auto NOUN N,Sg,Ill,Px3 Case=Ill|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3 7 nmod _ _
10 . . PUNCT Pun _ 9 punct _ _
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# visual-style 1 2 cc color:blue
1 Juoppoja juoppo NOUN N,Pl,Par Case=Par|Number=Plur 0 root _ _
2 ja ja CONJ Pcle,CC _ 1 cc _ _
3 ajan aika NOUN N,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _
4 tuhlareita tuhlari NOUN N,Pl,Par Case=Par|Number=Plur 1 conj _ _
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1 Duuman duuma PROPN N,Prop,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _
2 kuohunta kuohunta NOUN N,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 4 nsubj:cop _ _
3 olisi olla VERB V,Act,Cond,Sg3 Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 cop _ _
4 kiusallista kiusallinen ADJ A,Sg,Par Case=Par|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
5 , , PUNCT Pun _ 4 punct _ _
6 mutta mutta CONJ Pcle,CC _ 4 cc _ _
7 ei ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg3 Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 9 cop _ _
8 vielä vielä PART Pcle _ 9 advmod _ _
9 vaarallista vaarallinen ADJ A,Sg,Par Case=Par|Number=Sing 4 conj _ _
10 . . PUNCT Pun _ 9 punct _ _
cc in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]