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ADP: adposition

Adpositions is a term that covers both prepositions and postpositions. Irish only has prepositions.

Regular prepositions

There are simple and compound prepositions in Irish.

• Simple: ag “at”, le; “with”; from “ó”
• Compound: os cionn “above”; i gcoinne “against”

Inflected prepositions

16 of the most common simple prepositions can be inflected to mark pronominal objects. These are referred to as pronominal prepositions or prepositional pronouns.

Examples

• agam “at me”
• leis “with him”
• uainn “from us”

Progressive aspectual phrases

The preposition “ag” is also used in conjunction with verbal nouns to form progressive aspectual phrases.

Examples

• ag rith “running”
• tá sí ag ithe “she is eating”

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Irish)

There are 65 ADP lemmas (2%), 168 ADP types (3%) and 3627 ADP tokens (15%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 7 in number of lemmas, 5 in number of types and 2 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: i, ar, le, ag, do, de, ó, faoi, mar, chun

The 10 most frequent ADP types: ar, i, ag, le, sa, de, leis, ina, mar, ann

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: i (ADP 731, PART 19), ar (ADP 637, PART 17, VERB 3), le (ADP 435, PART 8), ag (ADP 425, X 1), do (ADP 255, PART 77, DET 19, X 1), de (ADP 253, PART 9, X 1), ó (ADP 127, PART 31, SCONJ 2, INTJ 1), faoi (ADP 106, X 3, PART 1), mar (ADP 81, SCONJ 42), go (PART 246, ADP 39, SCONJ 15)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ar (ADP 498, PART 12, VERB 9), le (ADP 212, PART 1), de (ADP 123, PART 8), ina (ADP 85, PART 12), mar (ADP 76, SCONJ 39), do (ADP 70, PART 18, DET 17), in (ADP 66, PRON 1, NOUN 1), san (ADP 45, X 16, PRON 4), don (ADP 41, PROPN 1), go (PART 240, ADP 37, SCONJ 15)

• ar
  • ADP 498: Tá urraíocht déanta ag Údarás na Gaeltachta ar an gclár seo .
  • PART 12: Féadfaidh aon pháirtí ar theip ar a chuid aighneachtaí go hiomlán nó go páirteach a leithéid sin d’ achomharc a dhéanamh .
  • VERB 9: ’ Maróidh tú uilig mé , ‘ ar sé .
• le
  • ADP 212: Tá na folúntais seo a leanas le líonadh .
  • PART 1: Ní raibh sí in acmhainn rud nua ar bith a cheannach le fada an lá .
• de
  • ADP 123: Bhí sé ina bhall de Mhuintir Shíomóin ó 1976 go 1986 .
  • PART 8: Síneann Gleann Wallace soir uaidh agus is ann a bhí cónaí ar Cholm de Bhailís .
• ina
  • ADP 85: Bhí sé ina bhall de Mhuintir Shíomóin ó 1976 go 1986 .
  • PART 12: zip ( 39 KB ) ina bhfuil Nuachló , leagan 3.00 , mar chló TrueType .
• mar
  • ADP 76: Tá an chothromaíocht mar bhunchloch ag an togra , ón tús .
  • SCONJ 39: Dhúisigh Paidí go luath mar bhí gnó éigin le déanamh aige inniu .
• do
  • ADP 70: Cad ina thaobh ná haithneodh , ná fuil sé do mo mhúineadh ?
  • PART 18: Do bhain seacht croitheadh as láimh na mná fónta agus do phreab ‘ on teallach agus do chuir chuin gnótha é .
  • DET 17: Tháinig mé ort agus drúcht ar d’ aghaidh , shín tú do lámha chugam .
• in
  • ADP 66: Fuair sí post ansin in Oifig na Deoise , i Halla Naomh Muire .
  • PRON 1: Ar chasadh ar_ais do Dhamien b’ in roimhe é .
  • NOUN 1: Taispeántas Chomh maith leis an léacht lárnach sin ón Ollamh Ó Néill , chualathas sainléacht Kenneth Nicholls , Léachtóir le Stair i gColáiste na hOllscoile , Corcaigh , ar ‘ The Limerick / Cork Border in the Middle Ages ‘ .
• san
  • ADP 45: Bhí gach uile mhac máthar san áit ag bualadh bos .
  • X 16: Níor dhúisigh san é .
  • PRON 4: As san go_dtí Fromista , áit a bhfuil séipéal álainn ón 11ú céad sa stíl Rómhánach .
• don
  • ADP 41: Cuirtear chuile áis agus compord ar fáil don aoi sa phálás ríoga seo .
  • PROPN 1: Is de_bharr a chontúirt don neodracht mhíleata is mó a bhí imní , sin agus an tslí shotalach ar chaith na páirtithe , na ceardchumainn , eagras na bhfostóirí , agus an Cliarlathas Caitliceach leis an bpobal tráth an Reifrinn .
• go
  • PART 240: Níor tháinig sé go fóill .
  • ADP 37: Bhí sé ina bhall de Mhuintir Shíomóin ó 1976 go 1986 .
  • SCONJ 15: Ach fós ní mórán dóchais atá ag éinne go n-aimseofar leigheas iomlán ar SEIF riamh .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 2.584615 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.449988).

The 1st highest number of forms (18) was observed with the lemma “do”: d’, dhaoibh, dhá, dhúinn, di, do, dom, domsa, don, dos, duit, dá, dár, dó, dóibh, dósan, dúinn, á.

The 2nd highest number of forms (15) was observed with the lemma “ag”: a’, a’m, acu, ag, agaibh, againn, againne, agam, agamsa, agat, agatsa, agena, aice, aici, aige.

The 3rd highest number of forms (13) was observed with the lemma “le”: le, leat, leatsa, leis, lena, lenár, leo, leosan, linn, liom, liomsa, léi, léithe.

ADP occurs with 8 features: ga-feat/Number (1170; 32% instances), ga-feat/Person (776; 21% instances), ga-feat/PronType (434; 12% instances), ga-feat/Gender (433; 12% instances), ga-feat/Poss (200; 6% instances), ga-feat/PrepForm (166; 5% instances), ga-feat/Form (23; 1% instances), ga-feat/PartType (1; 0% instances)

ADP occurs with 14 feature-value pairs: Form=Emph, Form=Len, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, PartType=Deg, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Poss=Yes, PrepForm=Cmpd, PronType=Art, PronType=Prs

ADP occurs with 32 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (2270 tokens). Examples: ar, i, ag, le, de, leis, mar, chun, do, in

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 20 different relations: ga-dep/case (2900; 80% instances), ga-dep/nmod:prep (469; 13% instances), ga-dep/xcomp:pred (62; 2% instances), ga-dep/conj (38; 1% instances), ga-dep/root (36; 1% instances), ga-dep/compound (35; 1% instances), ga-dep/mark (20; 1% instances), ga-dep/ccomp (13; 0% instances), ga-dep/nsubj (8; 0% instances), ga-dep/compound:prt (7; 0% instances), ga-dep/mark:prt (7; 0% instances), ga-dep/nmod (6; 0% instances), ga-dep/advcl (5; 0% instances), ga-dep/advmod (5; 0% instances), ga-dep/xcomp (5; 0% instances), ga-dep/dobj (4; 0% instances), ga-dep/acl:relcl (3; 0% instances), ga-dep/name (2; 0% instances), ga-dep/csubj:cop (1; 0% instances), ga-dep/nmod:poss (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (2794; 77% instances), VERB (385; 11% instances), PROPN (193; 5% instances), ADJ (59; 2% instances), PRON (48; 1% instances), ROOT (36; 1% instances), ADP (30; 1% instances), X (28; 1% instances), NUM (26; 1% instances), ADV (8; 0% instances), CONJ (8; 0% instances), SCONJ (5; 0% instances), DET (4; 0% instances), PUNCT (2; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)

3436 (95%) ADP nodes are leaves.

98 (3%) ADP nodes have one child.

32 (1%) ADP nodes have two children.

61 (2%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 8.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 21 different relations: ga-dep/nmod (104; 25% instances), ga-dep/punct (70; 17% instances), ga-dep/cop (47; 11% instances), ga-dep/csubj:cleft (37; 9% instances), ga-dep/conj (25; 6% instances), ga-dep/compound (23; 6% instances), ga-dep/cc (22; 5% instances), ga-dep/det (15; 4% instances), ga-dep/advcl (12; 3% instances), ga-dep/mark (11; 3% instances), ga-dep/nsubj (9; 2% instances), ga-dep/advmod (7; 2% instances), ga-dep/case (6; 1% instances), ga-dep/nummod (5; 1% instances), ga-dep/acl:relcl (4; 1% instances), ga-dep/nmod:prep (4; 1% instances), ga-dep/xcomp (3; 1% instances), ga-dep/ccomp (2; 0% instances), ga-dep/dobj (2; 0% instances), ga-dep/xcomp:pred (2; 0% instances), ga-dep/mark:prt (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: NOUN (103; 25% instances), VERB (101; 25% instances), PUNCT (70; 17% instances), PRON (45; 11% instances), ADP (30; 7% instances), CONJ (28; 7% instances), PROPN (11; 3% instances), SCONJ (9; 2% instances), NUM (6; 1% instances), X (5; 1% instances), ADV (3; 1% instances)

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ADP in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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