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ccomp: clausal complement

A clausal complement of a verb or adjective is a dependent clause which is a core argument. That is, it functions like an object of the verb, or adjective.

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Он говорит , что она работает в музее . \n He says , that she works in a museum .
ccomp(говорит, работает)
ccomp(says, works)
{
    "text": "Он говорит , что она работает в музее . \n He says , that she works in a museum . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 17, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 21, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 30, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 32, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 38, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 42, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 45, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 50, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T14", "token", [ [ 52, 56 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T15", "token", [ [ 57, 60 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T16", "token", [ [ 61, 66 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T17", "token", [ [ 67, 69 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T18", "token", [ [ 70, 71 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T19", "token", [ [ 72, 78 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T20", "token", [ [ 79, 80 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "ccomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "ccomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T12" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T16" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

Such clausal complements may be finite or nonfinite. However, if the subject of the clausal complement is controlled (that is, must be the same as the higher subject or object, with no other possible interpretation) the appropriate relation is xcomp.

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Генерал приказал нам выйти . \n General ordered us to-leave .
ccomp(приказал, выйти)
ccomp(ordered, to-leave)
{
    "text": "Генерал приказал нам выйти . \n General ordered us to-leave . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 17, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 21, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 27, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 31, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 39, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 47, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 50, 58 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 59, 60 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "ccomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "ccomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T10" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Мы начали писать тест . \n We started to-write test .
xcomp(начали, писать)
xcomp(started, to-write)
{
    "text": "Мы начали писать тест . \n We started to-write test . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 17, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 22, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 26, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 29, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 37, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 46, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 51, 52 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

The key difference here is that, while it is possible to interpret the first sentence to mean that the general will not be leaving, in the second sentence it is clear that the subject of writing can only be we. This is what distinguishes ccomp and xcomp.

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)

This relation is universal.

295 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.

288 instances of ccomp (98%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 7.7864406779661.

The following 21 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: VERB-VERB (193; 65% instances), VERB-NOUN (26; 9% instances), VERB-ADJ (20; 7% instances), DET-VERB (12; 4% instances), NOUN-VERB (11; 4% instances), ADJ-VERB (9; 3% instances), DET-NOUN (5; 2% instances), VERB-PROPN (3; 1% instances), ADV-ADJ (2; 1% instances), NOUN-NOUN (2; 1% instances), VERB-ADP (2; 1% instances), ADJ-ADJ (1; 0% instances), ADJ-ADP (1; 0% instances), ADP-VERB (1; 0% instances), ADV-NOUN (1; 0% instances), ADV-VERB (1; 0% instances), DET-ADJ (1; 0% instances), NOUN-ADJ (1; 0% instances), PROPN-VERB (1; 0% instances), VERB-ADV (1; 0% instances), VERB-NUM (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 8 ccomp	color:blue
1	Они	_	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3	2	nsubj	_	_
2	сказали	_	VERB	VBC	Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past	0	root	_	_
3	мне	_	PRON	PRP	Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1	2	iobj	_	_
4	,	_	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	что	_	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	им	_	PRON	PRP	Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3	8	iobj	_	_
7	очень	_	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	понравилось	_	VERB	VBC	Aspect=Perf|Gender=Neut|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	2	ccomp	_	_
9	мое	_	PRON	PRP$	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1	10	det	_	_
10	выступление	_	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
11	.	_	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_

# visual-style 17	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 17	fgColor:white
# visual-style 11	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11	fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 17 ccomp	color:blue
1	Когда	_	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	Эд	_	PROPN	NNP	Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	выходит	_	VERB	VBC	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres	7	advcl	_	_
4	,	_	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	один	_	NUM	CD	Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	6	nummod	_	_
6	оператор	_	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	остается	_	VERB	VBC	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres	0	root	_	_
8	с	_	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Шэри	_	PROPN	NNP	Animacy=Anim|Case=Ins|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	,	_	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	говоря	_	VERB	VBG	Aspect=Imp	7	advcl	_	_
12	,	_	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	что	_	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
14	это	_	DET	DT	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	--	_	PUNCT	-	_	17	punct	_	_
16	новая	_	ADJ	JJL	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	17	amod	_	_
17	идея	_	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	11	ccomp	_	_
18	продюсеров	_	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
19	.	_	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_

# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 9 ccomp	color:blue
1	Он	_	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3	2	nsubj	_	_
2	утверждал	_	VERB	VBC	Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	0	root	_	_
3	,	_	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	что	_	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	по	_	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	своей	_	PRON	PRP$	Case=Dat|Reflex=Yes	7	det	_	_
7	природе	_	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
8	вирус	_	NOUN	NN	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	жидкий	_	ADJ	JJL	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	_
10	.	_	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)

This relation is universal.

892 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.

793 instances of ccomp (89%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 6.04820627802691.

The following 2 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: VERB-VERB (891; 100% instances), VERB-PART (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 9 ccomp	color:blue
1	Ложась	ЛОЖИТЬСЯ	VERB	_	Aspect=Imp|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Trans|Voice=Act	6	advcl	_	_
2	спать	СПАТЬ	VERB	_	Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	он	ОН	PRON	_	_	6	nsubj	_	_
5	не	НЕ	PART	_	_	6	neg	_	_
6	понимал	ПОНИМАТЬ	VERB	_	Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	куда	КУДА	ADV	_	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
9	девалось	ДЕВАТЬСЯ	VERB	_	Aspect=Imp|Gender=Neut|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	6	ccomp	_	_
10	время	ВРЕМЯ	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_

# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 6 ccomp	color:blue
1	Громко	ГРОМКО	ADV	_	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
2	я	Я	PRON	_	_	3	nsubj	_	_
3	кричу	КРИЧАТЬ	VERB	_	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	"	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Да	ДА	PART	_	_	3	ccomp	_	_
7	здравствует	ЗДРАВСТВОВАТЬ	VERB	_	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	6	mwe	_	_
8	реконструкция	РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
9	человеческого	ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ	ADJ	_	Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	10	amod	_	_
10	материала	МАТЕРИАЛ	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	8	dobj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	всеобъемлющая	ВСЕОБЪЕМЛЮЩИЙ	ADJ	_	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	13	amod	_	_
13	инженерия	ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
14	нового	НОВЫЙ	ADJ	_	Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	15	amod	_	_
15	мира	МИР	NOUN	_	Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	"	_	15	punct	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	"	_	15	punct	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_

---

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