ccomp: clausal complement
A clausal complement of a verb or adjective is a dependent clause which is a core argument. That is, it functions like an object of the verb, or adjective.
Он говорит , что она работает в музее . \n He says , that she works in a museum .
ccomp(говорит, работает)
ccomp(says, works)
Such clausal complements may be finite or nonfinite. However, if the subject of the clausal complement is controlled (that is, must be the same as the higher subject or object, with no other possible interpretation) the appropriate relation is xcomp.
Генерал приказал нам выйти . \n General ordered us to-leave .
ccomp(приказал, выйти)
ccomp(ordered, to-leave)
Мы начали писать тест . \n We started to-write test .
xcomp(начали, писать)
xcomp(started, to-write)
The key difference here is that, while it is possible to interpret the first
sentence to mean that the general will not be leaving, in the second
sentence it is clear that the subject of writing can only be we. This is
what distinguishes ccomp and xcomp.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)
This relation is universal.
295 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
288 instances of ccomp (98%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 7.7864406779661.
The following 21 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/VERB (193; 65% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/NOUN (26; 9% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADJ (20; 7% instances), ru-pos/DET-ru-pos/VERB (12; 4% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/VERB (11; 4% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/VERB (9; 3% instances), ru-pos/DET-ru-pos/NOUN (5; 2% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PROPN (3; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADJ (2; 1% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/NOUN (2; 1% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADP (2; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/DET-ru-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 8 ccomp color:blue
1 Они _ PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 nsubj _ _
2 сказали _ VERB VBC Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past 0 root _ _
3 мне _ PRON PRP Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 iobj _ _
4 , _ PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _
5 что _ SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _
6 им _ PRON PRP Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 iobj _ _
7 очень _ ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _
8 понравилось _ VERB VBC Aspect=Perf|Gender=Neut|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past 2 ccomp _ _
9 мое _ PRON PRP$ Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1 10 det _ _
10 выступление _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _
11 . _ PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 17 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 17 fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11 fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 17 ccomp color:blue
1 Когда _ SCONJ WRB _ 3 mark _ _
2 Эд _ PROPN NNP Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
3 выходит _ VERB VBC Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres 7 advcl _ _
4 , _ PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _
5 один _ NUM CD Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nummod _ _
6 оператор _ NOUN NN Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
7 остается _ VERB VBC Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres 0 root _ _
8 с _ ADP IN _ 9 case _ _
9 Шэри _ PROPN NNP Animacy=Anim|Case=Ins|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _
10 , _ PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _
11 говоря _ VERB VBG Aspect=Imp 7 advcl _ _
12 , _ PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _
13 что _ SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _
14 это _ DET DT Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _
15 -- _ PUNCT - _ 17 punct _ _
16 новая _ ADJ JJL Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 amod _ _
17 идея _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 ccomp _ _
18 продюсеров _ NOUN NN Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Number=Plur 17 nmod _ _
19 . _ PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 9 ccomp color:blue
1 Он _ PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 nsubj _ _
2 утверждал _ VERB VBC Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past 0 root _ _
3 , _ PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _
4 что _ SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _
5 по _ ADP IN _ 7 case _ _
6 своей _ PRON PRP$ Case=Dat|Reflex=Yes 7 det _ _
7 природе _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _
8 вирус _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _
9 жидкий _ ADJ JJL Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ _
10 . _ PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)
This relation is universal.
892 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
793 instances of ccomp (89%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 6.04820627802691.
The following 2 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/VERB (891; 100% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PART (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 9 ccomp color:blue
1 Ложась ЛОЖИТЬСЯ VERB _ Aspect=Imp|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Trans|Voice=Act 6 advcl _ _
2 спать СПАТЬ VERB _ Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf 1 xcomp _ _
3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _
4 он ОН PRON _ _ 6 nsubj _ _
5 не НЕ PART _ _ 6 neg _ _
6 понимал ПОНИМАТЬ VERB _ Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
7 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _
8 куда КУДА ADV _ Degree=Pos 9 advmod _ _
9 девалось ДЕВАТЬСЯ VERB _ Aspect=Imp|Gender=Neut|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 ccomp _ _
10 время ВРЕМЯ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _
11 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 6 ccomp color:blue
1 Громко ГРОМКО ADV _ Degree=Pos 3 advmod _ _
2 я Я PRON _ _ 3 nsubj _ _
3 кричу КРИЧАТЬ VERB _ Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 : : PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _
5 " " PUNCT " _ 6 punct _ _
6 Да ДА PART _ _ 3 ccomp _ _
7 здравствует ЗДРАВСТВОВАТЬ VERB _ Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 mwe _ _
8 реконструкция РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _
9 человеческого ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ ADJ _ Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 amod _ _
10 материала МАТЕРИАЛ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 dobj _ _
11 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _
12 всеобъемлющая ВСЕОБЪЕМЛЮЩИЙ ADJ _ Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 amod _ _
13 инженерия ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 conj _ _
14 нового НОВЫЙ ADJ _ Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 amod _ _
15 мира МИР NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _
16 " " PUNCT " _ 15 punct _ _
17 " " PUNCT " _ 15 punct _ _
18 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _
ccomp in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]