nmod: nominal modifier
The nmod relation is used for nominal modifiers. They depend either
on another noun (group “noun dependents”) or on a predicate (group
“non-core dependents of clausal predicates”).
nmod is a noun (or noun phrase) functioning as a
non-core (oblique) argument or adjunct.
This means that it functionally corresponds to an adverbial when it attaches to a verb, adjective or other adverb.
But when attaching to a noun, it usually corresponds to a non-agreeing attribute in genitive.
In Russian the nmod relation covers only those possessives that are expressed using the genitive.
If a possessive adjective is used, the relation is labeled amod.
If a possessive determiner (pronoun) is used, the relation is labeled det.
карта студента \n card of-student
nmod(карта, студента)
nmod(card, of-student)
студенческая карта \n student's card
amod(карта, студенческая)
amod(card, student's)
его карта \n his card
det(карта, его)
det(card, his)
nmod is also used for temporal nominal modifiers:
Последний раз мы разговаривали зимой . \n Last time we talked in-winter .
nmod(разговаривали, зимой)
nmod(talked, in-winter)
Agreeing attribute of a noun
nmod noun phrases attached to nouns are usually in the genitive ru-feat/Case and follow the modified noun.
However, there is also a different kind of nmod that precedes the modified noun and agrees with it in case and number.
A typical example is a title attached to a name of a person. The relation is similar to the name relation
that links the first and the last name, but it is not labeled name because the title is not part of the name:
российский президент Владимир Владимирович Путин \n Russian president Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin
amod(президент, российский)
amod(president, Russian)
nmod(Владимир, президент)
nmod(Vladimir, president)
name(Владимир, Путин)
name(Vladimir, Putin)
name(Владимир, Владимирович)
name(Vladimir, Vladimirovich)
Note that the same thing can be also expressed using an apposition. In the case of apposition, the title follows the modified name and is separated by a punctuation symbol:
Владимир Путин , российский президент
name(Владимир, Путин)
punct(президент, ,-3)
amod(президент, российский)
appos(Путин, президент)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)
This relation is universal.
19181 nodes (19%) are attached to their parents as nmod.
15815 instances of nmod (82%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.85631614618633.
The following 87 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nmod: ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/NOUN (8090; 42% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/NOUN (5408; 28% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PROPN (1722; 9% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PROPN (920; 5% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/NOUN (472; 2% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/NOUN (395; 2% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/NOUN (332; 2% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/DET (252; 1% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/PROPN (190; 1% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PRON (177; 1% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/NOUN (127; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/NOUN (108; 1% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/ADJ (107; 1% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/DET (96; 1% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADJ (93; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADJ (93; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PRON (50; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/NUM (39; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/PROPN (38; 0% instances), ru-pos/X-ru-pos/X (36; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/PROPN (33; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/SYM (28; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/NOUN (27; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADV (25; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/DET (24; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/ADJ (24; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/NUM (23; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/PROPN (21; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/DET (19; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/PRON (17; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADP (14; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/VERB (13; 0% instances), ru-pos/X-ru-pos/NOUN (12; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/DET (8; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/NOUN (8; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADJ (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/VERB (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/PRON (6; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/NUM (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADJ (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/DET-ru-pos/NOUN (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADV (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/SYM (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/X (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/PROPN (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/X (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/X (5; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADP (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/PRON (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADP (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADP (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/PRON (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/ADJ (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/NUM (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/DET (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/X-ru-pos/PROPN (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/X (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/SYM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/SYM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PUNCT (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/DET (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/DET (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/X-ru-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADP-ru-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/X (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/CONJ-ru-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PART-ru-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PROPN-ru-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PUNCT-ru-pos/X (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PUNCT (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/X (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/X-ru-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/X-ru-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/X-ru-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 7 9 nmod color:blue
1 С _ ADP IN _ 2 case _ _
2 запада _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
3 к _ ADP IN _ 4 case _ _
4 храму _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
5 примыкала _ VERB VBC Aspect=Imp|Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past 0 root _ _
6 трапезная _ ADJ JJL Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 amod _ _
7 часть _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _
8 с _ ADP IN _ 9 case _ _
9 колокольней _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Ins|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _
10 . _ PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _
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# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5 2 nmod color:blue
1 С _ ADP IN _ 2 case _ _
2 запада _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
3 к _ ADP IN _ 4 case _ _
4 храму _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
5 примыкала _ VERB VBC Aspect=Imp|Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past 0 root _ _
6 трапезная _ ADJ JJL Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 amod _ _
7 часть _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _
8 с _ ADP IN _ 9 case _ _
9 колокольней _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Ins|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _
10 . _ PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _
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# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 8 9 nmod color:blue
1 Палата _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
2 депутатов _ NOUN NN Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _
3 ( _ PUNCT ( _ 2 punct _ _
4 ) _ PUNCT ) _ 2 punct _ _
5 , _ PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _
6 нижняя _ ADJ JJL Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 amod _ _
7 палата _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
8 парламента _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _
9 Чили _ PROPN NNP Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _
10 . _ PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of nmod: nmod:agent.
117253 nodes (11%) are attached to their parents as nmod.
91406 instances of nmod (78%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.7198536498.
The following 61 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nmod: ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/NOUN (53910; 46% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/NOUN (46029; 39% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PRON (3929; 3% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/NOUN (3922; 3% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/NOUN (1711; 1% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADJ (1392; 1% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADJ (1144; 1% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/NOUN (895; 1% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/PRON (678; 1% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PRON (550; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/NUM (495; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/ADV (410; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/NOUN (334; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADJ (279; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/NUM (221; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/VERB (182; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/PRON (169; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/NOUN (164; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/ADV (139; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/SYM (87; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/SYM (87; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADJ (75; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/VERB (64; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/SYM (43; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/PRON (40; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/ADJ (32; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/ADJ (29; 0% instances), ru-pos/CONJ-ru-pos/NOUN (26; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/PRON (26; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/NUM (23; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/ADJ (21; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/NUM (16; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/VERB (13; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/ADV (11; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/PART (8; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/SYM (8; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/VERB (8; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/SYM (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/SYM (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/ADV (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/SCONJ-ru-pos/NOUN (7; 0% instances), ru-pos/PART-ru-pos/NOUN (6; 0% instances), ru-pos/PART-ru-pos/PRON (6; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/ADV (6; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/SCONJ (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/PART-ru-pos/PART (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/SCONJ (4; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADV-ru-pos/NUM (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/VERB-ru-pos/PART (3; 0% instances), ru-pos/ADJ-ru-pos/SCONJ (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/CONJ (2; 0% instances), ru-pos/CONJ-ru-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/NOUN-ru-pos/INTJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/NUM-ru-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/PRON-ru-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/SCONJ-ru-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/SCONJ-ru-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), ru-pos/SYM-ru-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 8 nmod color:blue
1 Единого ЕДИНЫЙ ADJ _ Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 5 amod _ _
2 " " PUNCT " _ 3 punct _ _
3 истинного ИСТИННЫЙ ADJ _ Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 5 amod _ _
4 " " PUNCT " _ 3 punct _ _
5 определения ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _
6 понятия ПОНЯТИЕ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 5 dobj _ _
7 " " PUNCT " _ 8 punct _ _
8 алгоритм АЛГОРИТМ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _
9 " " PUNCT " _ 8 punct _ _
10 нет НЕТ VERB _ Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
11 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _
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# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 6 nmod color:blue
1 " " PUNCT " _ 2 punct _ _
2 Алгоризм АЛГОРИЗМ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubjpass _ _
3 был БЫТЬ AUX _ Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 auxpass _ _
4 придуман ПРИДУМЫВАТЬ VERB _ Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Variant=Brev|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _
5 в В ADP _ _ 6 case _ _
6 Греции ГРЕЦИЯ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _
7 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 3 nmod color:blue
1 Поэтому ПОЭТОМУ ADV _ Degree=Pos 6 advmod _ _
2 для ДЛЯ ADP _ _ 3 case _ _
3 них ОНИ PRON _ _ 6 nmod _ _
4 такая ТАКОЙ DET _ Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 det _ _
5 версия ВЕРСИЯ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _
6 выглядела ВЫГЛЯДЕТЬ VERB _ Aspect=Imp|Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
7 вполне ВПОЛНЕ ADV _ Degree=Pos 8 advmod _ _
8 реальной РЕАЛЬНЫЙ ADJ _ Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 dobj _ _
9 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _
nmod in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]