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ADP: adposition

Definition

Russian has only prepositions but not postpositionsand and circumpositions. They occur before a complement noun phrase (noun, pronoun) and they form a single structure with the complement to express its grammatical and semantic relation to another unit within a clause.

Some prepositions take the form of fixed multiword expressions, e.g. по сравнению с “in comparison with”, в связи с “in connection with”. The component words are then still tagged according to their basic use (по is ADP, сравнению is NOUN, etc.) and their status as multiword expressions are accounted for in the syntactic annotation

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)

There are 1 ADP lemmas (7%), 112 ADP types (0%) and 10735 ADP tokens (11%). Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 2 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: _

The 10 most frequent ADP types: в, на, с, по, из, к, от, для, за, до

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 26660, PUNCT 18807, ADJ 12528, ADP 10735, VERB 9436, PROPN 7604, CONJ 3168, ADV 2142, NUM 1900, PRON 1763, X 1700, DET 1673, SCONJ 624, PART 491, SYM 158)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: в (ADP 3324, NOUN 2, DET 1), на (ADP 1103, X 6), с (ADP 837, NOUN 2, X 1), по (ADP 508, X 9, ADV 2, CONJ 1), из (ADP 431, X 1), за (ADP 240, X 39), после (ADP 98, ADV 1), как (ADP 175, ADV 58, SCONJ 30, CONJ 4), при (ADP 149, X 1, NOUN 1), у (ADP 110, X 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 112.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 2046.733333).

The 1st highest number of forms (112) was observed with the lemma “_”: 3а, Out, Par, Under, and, around, c, de, della, des, du, for, from, für, im, in, of, on, through, to, Вв, Вслед, Касательно, Поскольку, Свыше, Хотя, без, благодаря, близ, будто, в, вблизи, ввиду, вдоль, векакак, вместо, вне, внутри, внутрь, во, возле, вокруг, вопреки, впереди, вплоть, вследствие, дель, ди, для, до, если, за, из, к, к., как, ко, коль, кроме, между, мимо, на, навстречу, над, накануне, нам, напротив, нежели, несмотря, ниже, о, об, обо, ок., около, от, относительно, пе́ред, перед, по, под, позади, помимо, порядка, после, посредством, потому, поэтому, пред, прежде, при, причём, про, против, путем, путём, ради, с, сверх, сквозь, словно, со, согласно, спустя, среди, так, то, точно, у, чем, через, что.

ADP does not occur with any features.

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 23 different relations: ru-dep/case (10206; 95% instances), ru-dep/conj (247; 2% instances), ru-dep/remnant (66; 1% instances), ru-dep/mwe (53; 0% instances), ru-dep/root (38; 0% instances), ru-dep/appos (33; 0% instances), ru-dep/nmod (26; 0% instances), ru-dep/advmod (14; 0% instances), ru-dep/cc (12; 0% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (12; 0% instances), ru-dep/conj:preconj (6; 0% instances), ru-dep/discourse (6; 0% instances), ru-dep/ccomp (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/dep (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/goeswith (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/cop (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/dobj (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/list (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/punct (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (8374; 78% instances), PROPN (1303; 12% instances), DET (334; 3% instances), PRON (233; 2% instances), ADJ (187; 2% instances), VERB (76; 1% instances), NUM (68; 1% instances), ADP (38; 0% instances), ROOT (38; 0% instances), SYM (28; 0% instances), ADV (25; 0% instances), PUNCT (12; 0% instances), SCONJ (12; 0% instances), X (6; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances)

10285 (96%) ADP nodes are leaves.

275 (3%) ADP nodes have one child.

68 (1%) ADP nodes have two children.

107 (1%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 21.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 25 different relations: ru-dep/nmod (472; 55% instances), ru-dep/punct (229; 27% instances), ru-dep/conj (35; 4% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (27; 3% instances), ru-dep/advmod (14; 2% instances), ru-dep/cc (14; 2% instances), ru-dep/case (13; 2% instances), ru-dep/mwe (12; 1% instances), ru-dep/list (7; 1% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (7; 1% instances), ru-dep/remnant (5; 1% instances), ru-dep/cc:preconj (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/conj:preconj (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/mark (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/neg (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/appos (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/discourse (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/goeswith (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/amod (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/dep (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/dobj (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (414; 48% instances), PUNCT (231; 27% instances), ADJ (40; 5% instances), ADP (38; 4% instances), PROPN (36; 4% instances), ADV (22; 3% instances), CONJ (20; 2% instances), DET (16; 2% instances), PRON (13; 2% instances), VERB (9; 1% instances), SYM (8; 1% instances), NUM (5; 1% instances), PART (4; 0% instances), SCONJ (3; 0% instances), X (2; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)

There are 104 ADP lemmas (0%), 122 ADP types (0%) and 95697 ADP tokens (9%). Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of ADP is: 6 in number of lemmas, 7 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADP lemmas: В, НА, С, ПО, К, ИЗ, О, ДЛЯ, ОТ, ЗА

The 10 most frequent ADP types: в, на, с, по, к, из, для, о, от, за

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: В (ADP 29879, NOUN 1), НА (ADP 13375, VERB 3), С (ADP 9040, NOUN 5), ПО (ADP 5497, NOUN 4), О (ADP 3777, INTJ 10, NOUN 2), ДО (ADP 1599, NOUN 2), ПОСЛЕ (ADP 1092, ADV 7), ПЕРЕД (ADP 407, NOUN 1), ПРОТИВ (ADP 312, ADV 13), ПРО (ADP 225, NOUN 7)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: в (ADP 25567, NOUN 2), на (ADP 12370, VERB 3), с (ADP 7776, NOUN 8, DET 3), о (ADP 2805, INTJ 5, NOUN 1), до (ADP 1520, NOUN 2), после (ADP 846, ADV 6), против (ADP 304, ADV 12), вокруг (ADP 137, ADV 20), благодаря (ADP 109, VERB 1), согласно (ADP 66, ADJ 3, ADV 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADP is 1.173077 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.787274).

The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “О”: о, об, обо.

The 2nd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “ПЕРЕД”: перед, передо, пред.

The 3rd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “С”: c, с, со.

ADP does not occur with any features.

Relations

ADP nodes are attached to their parents using 3 different relations: ru-dep/case (95543; 100% instances), ru-dep/mark (142; 0% instances), ru-dep/dep (12; 0% instances)

Parents of ADP nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: NOUN (86175; 90% instances), PRON (5319; 6% instances), ADJ (3112; 3% instances), NUM (563; 1% instances), SYM (329; 0% instances), VERB (142; 0% instances), ADV (39; 0% instances), PART (11; 0% instances), CONJ (6; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)

94422 (99%) ADP nodes are leaves.

1122 (1%) ADP nodes have one child.

150 (0%) ADP nodes have two children.

3 (0%) ADP nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADP node is 3.

Children of ADP nodes are attached using 1 different relations: ru-dep/punct (1431; 100% instances)

Children of ADP nodes belong to 1 different parts of speech: PUNCT (1431; 100% instances)


ADP in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]