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iobj: indirect object

An indirect object is a nominal which is the second object of the verb, often corresponding to a dative object.

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Han skickar mig ett brev . \n He sends me a letter .
iobj(skickar, mig)
{
    "text": "Han skickar mig ett brev . \n He sends me a letter . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 12, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 16, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 20, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 25, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 29, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 32, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 38, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 41, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 43, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 50, 51 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

In Swedish, the indirect object can never be constructed with a preposition. In that case, the nmod relation is used even if the meaning is very similar to that of an indirect object.

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Han skickar ett brev till mig . \n He sends a letter to me .
nmod(skickar, mig)
case(mig, till)
{
    "text": "Han skickar ett brev till mig . \n He sends a letter to me . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 12, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 16, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 21, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 26, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 30, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 34, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 37, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 43, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 45, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 52, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T14", "token", [ [ 55, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T15", "token", [ [ 58, 59 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish)

This relation is universal.

163 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.

162 instances of iobj (99%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 1.36196319018405.

The following 5 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: VERB-PRON (106; 65% instances), VERB-NOUN (50; 31% instances), VERB-ADJ (4; 2% instances), VERB-PROPN (2; 1% instances), NOUN-PRON (1; 1% instances).

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 4 iobj	color:blue
1	Man	man	PRON	PN|UTR|SIN|IND|SUB	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
2	kan	kunna	AUX	VB|PRS|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	3	aux	_	_
3	fråga	fråga	VERB	VB|INF|AKT	VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
4	sig	sig	PRON	PN|UTR/NEU|SIN/PLU|DEF|OBJ	Case=Acc|Definite=Def|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	hur	hur	ADV	HA	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	dessa	denna	DET	DT|UTR/NEU|PLU|DEF	Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	barn	barn	NOUN	NN|NEU|PLU|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	blir	bli	VERB	VB|PRS|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	3	ccomp	_	_
9	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	3	punct	_	_

# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 3 iobj	color:blue
1	Giftermålsbalken	giftermålsbalk	NOUN	NN|UTR|SIN|DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ger	ge	VERB	VB|PRS|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
3	makarna	make	NOUN	NN|UTR|PLU|DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Plur	2	iobj	_	_
4	formell	formell	ADJ	JJ|POS|UTR|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	5	amod	_	_
5	likställighet	likställighet	NOUN	NN|UTR|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	2	dobj	_	_
6	i	i	ADP	PP	_	7	case	_	_
7	äktenskapet	äktenskap	NOUN	NN|NEU|SIN|DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	2	punct	_	_

# visual-style 13	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 13	fgColor:white
# visual-style 11	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11	fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 13 iobj	color:blue
1	Lite	lite	ADV	AB|POS	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	senare	sen	ADV	AB|KOM	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
3	i	i	ADP	PP	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	livet	liv	NOUN	NN|NEU|SIN|DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	3	mwe	_	_
5	använder	använda	VERB	VB|PRS|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
6	man	man	PRON	PN|UTR|SIN|IND|SUB	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
7	39000	39000	NUM	RG|NOM	Case=Nom|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	kronor	krona	NOUN	NN|UTR|PLU|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Plur	5	dobj	_	_
9	för	för	ADP	PP	_	11	mark	_	_
10	att	att	PART	IE	_	11	mark	_	_
11	lära	lära	VERB	VB|INF|AKT	VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act	5	advcl	_	_
12	den	en	DET	DT|UTR|SIN|DEF	Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	värnpliktige	värnpliktig	ADJ	JJ|POS|MAS|SIN|DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	11	iobj	_	_
14	skjuta	skjuta	VERB	VB|INF|AKT	VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act	11	xcomp	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	5	punct	_	_

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish-LinES)

This relation is universal.

119 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as iobj.

110 instances of iobj (92%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 1.34453781512605.

The following 3 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: VERB-PRON (94; 79% instances), VERB-NOUN (18; 15% instances), VERB-PROPN (7; 6% instances).

# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 9 iobj	color:blue
1	Men	_	CONJ	_	_	8	cc	_	_
2	varför	_	ADV	WH	_	8	advmod	_	_
3	skulle	_	AUX	PAST-AUX	_	8	aux	_	_
4	Sancho	_	PROPN	SG-NOM	_	8	nsubj	_	_
5	och	_	CONJ	_	_	4	cc	_	_
6	de	_	DET	PL-DEF	_	7	det	_	_
7	andra	_	ADJ	CMP-DEF	_	4	conj	_	_
8	göra	_	VERB	INF-ACT	_	0	root	_	_
9	sig	_	PRON	RFL-ACC	_	8	iobj	_	_
10	så	_	ADV	_	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	mycket	_	ADJ	POS-IND	_	12	det	_	_
12	besvär	_	NOUN	IND-NOM	_	8	dobj	_	_
13	?	_	PUNCT	QuestionMark	_	8	punct	_	_

# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 8 iobj	color:blue
1	Quinn	_	PROPN	SG-NOM	_	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stack	_	VERB	PAST-ACT	_	0	root	_	_
3	handen	_	NOUN	SG-DEF-NOM	_	2	dobj	_	_
4	i	_	ADP	_	_	5	case	_	_
5	fickan	_	NOUN	SG-DEF-NOM	_	2	nmod	_	_
6	och	_	CONJ	_	_	2	cc	_	_
7	gav	_	VERB	PAST-ACT	_	2	conj	_	_
8	mannen	_	NOUN	SG-DEF-NOM	_	7	iobj	_	_
9	en	_	DET	SG-IND	_	10	det	_	_
10	dollar	_	NOUN	IND-NOM	_	7	dobj	_	_
11	.	_	PUNCT	Period	_	2	punct	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 4 iobj	color:blue
1	Kom	_	VERB	IMP-ACT	_	0	root	_	_
2	och	_	CONJ	_	_	1	cc	_	_
3	gör	_	VERB	IMP-ACT	_	1	conj	_	_
4	James	_	PROPN	SG-NOM	_	3	iobj	_	_
5	sällskap	_	NOUN	IND-NOM	_	3	dobj	_	_
6	med	_	ADP	_	_	8	case	_	_
7	en	_	DET	SG-IND	_	8	det	_	_
8	drink	_	NOUN	SG-IND-NOM	_	3	nmod	_	_
9	...	_	PUNCT	Dots	_	1	punct	_	_

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iobj in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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