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Definite: definiteness or state

Definiteness is typically a feature of nouns, adjectives and articles. Its value distinguishes whether we are talking about something known and concrete, or something general or unknown. It can be marked on definite and indefinite articles, or directly on nouns, adjectives etc.

In Bulgarian there are definite and indefinite articles. The definite article is part of the word, in postposition (жената / zhenata ‘woman-the’ (the woman))). The indefinite articles can be: the form един / edin (one) or the zero marker.

However, when added to a nominal phrase, the articles become phrasal affixes, i.e. Bulgarian does not have agreement is definiteness. For example, хубавата висока руса жена / hubavata visoka rusa zhena ‘pretty-the tall blond woman’ (the pretty tall blond woman).

Ind: indefinite

Examples

• Видях една жена да минава по улицата / Vidyah edna zhena da minava po ulitsata “I saw a woman walking on the street”
• Видях жена да минава по улицата / Vidyah zhena da minava po ulitsata “I saw a woman walking on the street”

Def: definite

Examples

• Видях жената да минава по улицата / Vidyah zhenata da minava po ulitsata “I saw the woman walking on the street”

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Bulgarian)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 2 different values: Def, Ind.

60378 tokens (39%) have a non-empty value of Definite. 22098 types (84%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Definite. 12320 lemmas (83%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Definite. The feature is used with 9 part-of-speech tags: bg-pos/NOUN (32712; 21% instances), bg-pos/ADJ (13292; 9% instances), bg-pos/PROPN (8163; 5% instances), bg-pos/VERB (2765; 2% instances), bg-pos/NUM (2038; 1% instances), bg-pos/DET (778; 0% instances), bg-pos/ADV (396; 0% instances), bg-pos/AUX (119; 0% instances), bg-pos/PRON (115; 0% instances).

NOUN

32712 bg-pos/NOUN tokens (96% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Definite.

The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Definite co-occurred: Number=Sing (23760; 73%).

NOUN tokens may have the following values of Definite:

• Def (12059; 37% of non-empty Definite): хората, страната, края, президентът, държавата, правителството, закона, шефът, отбраната, парламента
• Ind (20653; 63% of non-empty Definite): г., време, година, години, част, събрание, хора, път, страна, съвет
• EMPTY (1437): %, лв., млн., $, месеца, дни, лева, млрд., президентът, пъти

Paradigm година	Ind	Def
Number=Sing	г., година	годината
Number=Plur	г., години, г	годините

ADJ

13292 bg-pos/ADJ tokens (98% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Definite.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Definite co-occurred: Aspect=EMPTY (11820; 89%), Voice=EMPTY (11820; 89%), VerbForm=EMPTY (11820; 89%), Degree=Pos (11052; 83%), Number=Sing (9390; 71%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of Definite:

• Def (5893; 44% of non-empty Definite): народното, българската, другите, последните, цялата, европейската, новия, миналата, националната, новата
• Ind (7399; 56% of non-empty Definite): други, нова, друг, 2001, 2000, голяма, нови, български, различни, 1
• EMPTY (297): първия, втория, нови, US, т.-нар., българския, интелектуалната, уважаеми, жп, политически

Paradigm нов	Ind	Def
Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	нов	новия, новият
Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	нова	новата
Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	ново	новото
Degree=Pos|Number=Plur	нови	новите
Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing		най-новият
Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing		най-новата
Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing		Най-новото
Degree=Sup|Number=Plur	най-нови

PROPN

8163 bg-pos/PROPN tokens (97% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Definite.

The most frequent other feature values with which PROPN and Definite co-occurred: Number=Sing (8014; 98%), Gender=Masc (5110; 63%).

PROPN tokens may have the following values of Definite:

• Def (274; 3% of non-empty Definite): Балканите, ЕС, СДС, Конституцията, НИС, Дяволът, Евросъюза, ЦСКА, Евролевицата, САЩ
• Ind (7889; 97% of non-empty Definite): България, София, Иван, Европа, ЕС, СДС, Костов, Петър, Георги, Турция
• EMPTY (265): Стоянов, Петър, България, Македония, де, Р-300, ван, -, 2000, Велико

Paradigm ес	Ind	Def
	ЕС, Ес	ЕС

Definite seems to be lexical feature of PROPN. 98% lemmas (2816) occur only with one value of Definite.

VERB

2765 bg-pos/VERB tokens (14% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Definite.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Definite co-occurred: VerbForm=Part (2765; 100%), Person=EMPTY (2765; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (2638; 95%), Aspect=Perf (2017; 73%), Number=Sing (1909; 69%), Voice=Act (1694; 61%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Definite:

• Def (1; 0% of non-empty Definite): останалите
• Ind (2764; 100% of non-empty Definite): била, бил, имало, били, било, направил, дал, трябвало, заминал, направено
• EMPTY (16787): е, са, има, няма, може, трябва, беше, каза, могат, съобщи

Paradigm остана	Ind	Def
Degree=Pos|Number=Plur		останалите
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	останал
Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	останала
Number=Plur	останали

Definite seems to be lexical feature of VERB. 100% lemmas (996) occur only with one value of Definite.

NUM

2038 bg-pos/NUM tokens (97% of all NUM tokens) have a non-empty value of Definite.

The most frequent other feature values with which NUM and Definite co-occurred: NumType=Card (2038; 100%), Number=Plur (1810; 89%), Gender=EMPTY (1544; 76%).

NUM tokens may have the following values of Definite:

• Def (130; 6% of non-empty Definite): двамата, двете, двата, тримата, трите, четиримата, Единият, четирите, десетте, едното
• Ind (1908; 94% of non-empty Definite): две, един, два, 2, една, 1, 3, 10, едно, 20
• EMPTY (66): три, две, половин, двамата, двете, два, един, тримата, 1, 3

Paradigm два	Ind	Def
Gender=Masc	два, 2	двата
Gender=Fem	две, 2	двете
Gender=Neut	две	двете
	2, две	двете

Definite seems to be lexical feature of NUM. 97% lemmas (396) occur only with one value of Definite.

DET

778 bg-pos/DET tokens (32% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Definite.

The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Definite co-occurred: Number=Sing (587; 75%), Poss=Yes (500; 64%), PronType=Prs (500; 64%), Person=EMPTY (400; 51%).

DET tokens may have the following values of Definite:

• Def (382; 49% of non-empty Definite): нашите, своите, нашата, своя, техните, неговата, своята, своето, тяхното, нашето
• Ind (396; 51% of non-empty Definite): един, една, едно, наши, негово, своя, нищо, нещо, свой, свои
• EMPTY (1655): тази, този, тези, това, всички, какво, всеки, всяка, някои, какви

Paradigm един	Ind	Def
Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing		единият
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	един	единия
Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	една, един	едната
Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	едно	едното
Number=Plur	едни	едните

ADV

396 bg-pos/ADV tokens (6% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of Definite.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADV and Definite co-occurred: PronType=EMPTY (396; 100%), Degree=EMPTY (280; 71%).

ADV tokens may have the following values of Definite:

• Def (43; 11% of non-empty Definite): повечето, Най-малкото, малкото, многото, по-малкото
• Ind (353; 89% of non-empty Definite): много, повече, малко, по-малко, най-много, най-малко, Многая, немалко, Повечко
• EMPTY (6162): още, вчера, само, вече, когато, защото, обаче, сега, как, така

Paradigm много	Ind	Def
Degree=Pos	много
Degree=Sup	най-много
	много, Многая	многото

AUX

119 bg-pos/AUX tokens (6% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Definite.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Definite co-occurred: VerbForm=Part (119; 100%), Person=EMPTY (119; 100%), Voice=Act (119; 100%), Aspect=Imp (119; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (119; 100%), Tense=Past (119; 100%), Number=Sing (78; 66%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Definite:

• Ind (119; 100% of non-empty Definite): бил, били, била, било
• EMPTY (1912): е, са, бе, бъде, бъдат, бяха, беше, съм, би, сме

PRON

115 bg-pos/PRON tokens (1% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Definite.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Definite co-occurred: Person=EMPTY (115; 100%), Poss=EMPTY (115; 100%), Reflex=EMPTY (115; 100%), Case=Nom (106; 92%), Number=Sing (87; 76%), Gender=Neut (83; 72%), PronType=Ind (71; 62%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of Definite:

• Def (26; 23% of non-empty Definite): нещата, всичкото, Единият, Едната, нищото
• Ind (89; 77% of non-empty Definite): нищо, нещо, неколцина, няколко, един, едно
• EMPTY (9979): се, си, това, той, му, които, го, ни, те, който

Paradigm никой	Ind	Def
	нищо	нищото

Relations with Agreement in Definite

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Definite: NOUN –[amod]–> ADJ (5748; 51%), NOUN –[nmod]–> NOUN (4862; 51%), NOUN –[conj]–> NOUN (1791; 83%), NOUN –[nmod]–> PROPN (1731; 54%), PROPN –[name]–> PROPN (1168; 93%), PROPN –[nmod]–> PROPN (618; 98%), PROPN –[conj]–> PROPN (559; 99%), ADJ –[nmod]–> NOUN (367; 55%), ADJ –[conj]–> ADJ (326; 91%), PROPN –[nmod]–> NOUN (303; 89%).

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