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case: case marking

The case relation for Greek is used for prepositions.

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« Κυριαρχήσαμε σε όλο το παιχνίδι » .
case(παιχνίδι, σε)
nmod(Κυριαρχήσαμε, παιχνίδι)
{
    "text": "« Κυριαρχήσαμε σε όλο το παιχνίδι » . ",
    "entities": [
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        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 2, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 15, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 22, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 25, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 34, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 36, 37 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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Δε σταμάτησαν από την αρχή ως το τέλος 
case(αρχή,  από)
case(τέλος, ως)
nmod(σταμάτησαν, αρχή)
nmod(σταμάτησαν, τέλος)
{
    "text": "Δε σταμάτησαν από την αρχή ως το τέλος ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 14, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 22, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 27, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 30, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 33, 38 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R4", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T8" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
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    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

A small list of postpositions in fixed expressions are labeled with case. TODO: An alternative analysis would be to label them using the mwe relation.

λόγου χάριν 
case(λόγου,  χάριν)

παραδείγματος χάριν 
case(παραδείγματος,  χάριν)

τιμής ένεκεν
case(τιμής,  ένεκεν)

Certain adverbs may be followed by prepositions. We label these adverbs with the case relation and attach to them the prepositions with a [mwe] relation.

ενάντια σε όλα τα εμπόδια 
case(εμπόδια, ενάντια)
mwe(ενάντια, σε)

ανεξάρτητα από τη θεματική περιοχή
case(περιοχή, ανεξάρτητα)
mwe(ανεξάρτητα, από)

μαζί μ' εκείνους
case(εκείνους, μαζί)
mwe(μαζί, μ')

πίσω από τον Γιάννη
case(Γιάννη, πίσω)
mwe(πίσω, από)

We use the case relation when these adverbs take a clitic in genitive as a complement.

ανάμεσά τους
case(τους, ανάμεσά)

δίπλα της
case(της, δίπλα)

When prepositions are used as subordinate conjunctions to introduce clauses, they are labelled with the mark relation. See mark for more examples.

Δεν συμμετείχα πριν τη συναντήσω .
advcl(συμμετείχα, συναντήσω)
mark(συναντήσω, πριν)

TODO

Add guidelines on tokenization of στ- preposition+article combinations.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Greek)

This relation is universal.

5095 nodes (9%) are attached to their parents as case.

5014 instances of case (98%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.88537782139352.

The following 16 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: NOUN-ADP (4259; 84% instances), PRON-ADP (255; 5% instances), CONJ-ADP (186; 4% instances), ADV-ADP (96; 2% instances), NUM-ADP (81; 2% instances), ADJ-ADP (71; 1% instances), NOUN-ADV (70; 1% instances), VERB-ADP (53; 1% instances), VERB-ADV (11; 0% instances), PRON-ADV (4; 0% instances), CONJ-ADV (3; 0% instances), ADV-ADV (2; 0% instances), ADJ-ADV (1; 0% instances), NOUN-NOUN (1; 0% instances), NUM-ADV (1; 0% instances), PART-ADP (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 8 case	color:blue
1	Η	ο	PRON	PRON	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Σπόρτινγκ	Σπόρτινγκ	NOUN	NOUN	_	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Λισαβόνας	Λισαβόνα	NOUN	NOUN	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
4	νίκησε	νικώ	VERB	VERB	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
5	την	ο	PRON	PRON	Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Μάντσεστερ	Μάντσεστερ	NOUN	NOUN	_	4	dobj	_	_
7	Σίτι	Σίτι	NOUN	NOUN	_	6	nmod	_	_
8	με	με	ADP	ADP	_	9	case	_	_
9	σκορ	σκορ	NOUN	NOUN	_	4	nmod	_	_
10	1:0	1:0	NUM	NUM	_	9	nmod	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 2 case	color:blue
1	Πολλοί	πολύς	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	από	από	ADP	ADP	_	3	case	_	_
3	αυτούς	αυτός	PRON	PRON	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem	1	det	_	_
4	κινδυνεύουν	κινδυνεύω	VERB	VERB	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
5	να	να	PART	PART	_	7	aux	_	_
6	μείνουν	μένω	VERB	VERB	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act	7	cop	_	_
7	άστεγοι	άστεγος	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	4	ccomp	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	4	punct	_	_
9	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	4	punct	_	_

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 5 case	color:blue
1	Μία	ένας	PRON	PRON	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	τελευταία	τελευταίος	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	3	amod	_	_
3	λέξη	λέξη	NOUN	NOUN	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	σχετικά	σχετικά	ADV	ADV	_	3	amod	_	_
5	με	με	ADP	ADP	_	8	case	_	_
6	τη	ο	PRON	PRON	Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	διακυβέρνηση	διακυβέρνηση	NOUN	NOUN	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	και	και	CONJ	CONJ	_	7	cc	_	_
9	τη	ο	PRON	PRON	Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	συναπόφαση	συναπόφαση	NOUN	NOUN	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	3	punct	_	_

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