home fi/dep edit page issue tracker

case: case marking

The dependency type case is used for the adposition in pre- and postpositional phrases. The head of an adpositional phrase is the nominal, not the adposition, so as to analyze adpositional phrases similarly to nominal modifiers without an adposition. (Such nominal modifiers are frequent in Finnish, as cases are often used for the same purpose as adpositions.) To the same end, the type case is used in combination with the type nmod, which is also used for nominal modifiers when no adposition is present (see nmod).

Talo sijaitsee mäen takana . \n House is_located hill behind .
nsubj(sijaitsee-2, Talo-1)
nmod(sijaitsee-2, mäen-3)
case(mäen-3, takana-4)
punct(sijaitsee-2, .-5)

Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)

This relation is universal.

2706 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as case.

2334 instances of case (86%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 1.36437546193644.

The following 14 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADP (1956; 72% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/ADP (394; 15% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/ADP (274; 10% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADV (24; 1% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/ADP (23; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/ADP (10; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/NOUN (9; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/ADV (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADP (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/SYM-fi-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 5 case	color:blue
1	Saavuin	saapua	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
2	siis	siis	ADV	Adv	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	kaupunkiin	kaupunki	NOUN	N	Case=Ill|Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	kameraryhmäni	kamera#ryhmä	NOUN	N	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1	1	nmod	_	_
5	kanssa	kanssa	ADP	Adp	AdpType=Post	4	case	_	_
6	jo	jo	ADV	Adv	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	ennen	ennen	ADP	Adp	AdpType=Prep	8	case	_	_
8	yhtätoista	yksi#toista	NUM	Num	Case=Par|Number=Sing|NumType=Card	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	1	punct	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 4 case	color:blue
1	Voi	voi	INTJ	Interj	_	3	discourse	_	_
2	helvetti	helvetti	INTJ	Interj	_	1	mwe	_	_
3	sun	sinä	PRON	Pron	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Coll	0	root	_	_
4	kanssas	kanssa	ADP	Adp	AdpType=Post|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=2|Style=Coll	3	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	3	punct	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 case	color:blue
1	Sallan	Salla	PROPN	N	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
2	kanssa	kanssa	ADP	Adp	AdpType=Post	1	case	_	_
3	tuli	tulla	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
4	iskettyä	iskeä	VERB	V	Case=Par|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
5	silmät	silmä	NOUN	N	Case=Nom|Number=Plur	4	dobj	_	_
6	samaan	sama	PRON	Pron	Case=Ill|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	turboneuleeseen	turbo#neule	NOUN	N	Case=Ill|Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	3	punct	_	_


Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)

This relation is universal.

2699 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as case.

2375 instances of case (88%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 1.15968877361986.

The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADP (1938; 72% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/ADP (392; 15% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/ADP (227; 8% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/ADP (59; 2% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/ADP (44; 2% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADP (12; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/ADP (10; 0% instances), fi-pos/DET-fi-pos/ADP (10; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/X (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/PART-fi-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 6 case	color:blue
1	Jussi	jussi	PROPN	N,Prop,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	Alt=name
2	Vares	vares	PROPN	N,Prop,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	1	name	_	_
3	ilmestyi	ilmestyä	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg3	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
4	Teikarin	teikari	PROPN	N,Prop,Sg,Gen	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
5	oven	ovi	NOUN	N,Sg,Gen	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	taakse	taakse	ADP	Adp	_	5	case	_	_
7	iltapäivän	iltapäivä	NOUN	N,Sg,Gen	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
8	alkajaisiksi	alkajaisiksi	ADV	Adv	_	3	advmod	_	_

# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 8 case	color:blue
1	Muistatkos	muistaa	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg2,Ko,S	Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
2	sen	se	DET	Pron,Dem,Sg,Gen	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	Maijan	maija	PROPN	N,Prop,Sg,Gen	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	1	dobj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	Pun	_	3	punct	_	_
5	joka	joka	PRON	Pron,Rel,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	asui	asua	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg3	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	3	acl	_	_
7	täällä	täällä	ADV	Adv,Dem	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
8	ennen	ennen	ADP	Adp	_	9	case	_	_
9	meitä	me	PRON	Pron,Pers,Pl1,Par	Case=Par|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	_
10	?	?	PUNCT	Pun	_	9	punct	_	_

# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 3 case	color:blue
1	Pohjolan	pohjola	PROPN	N,Prop,Sg,Gen	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
2	Pariisin	pariisi	PROPN	N,Prop,Sg,Gen	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
3	kautta	kautta	ADP	Adp	_	2	case	_	_
4	Mikkeliin	mikkeli	PROPN	N,Prop,Sg,Ill	Case=Ill|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_


case in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]