VerbForm: form of verb
In English, VerbForm is a feature of verbs.
Fin: finite verb
Rule of thumb: if it has non-empty Mood, it is finite. English verbs with the PTB tag VBZ, VBD or VBP and modals with the PTB tag MD have this feature. Further, verbs with the PTB tag VB have this feature if they don’t have an auxiliary or modal verb attached to it.
Examples:
- I do, she has
- Read the book!
Inf: infinitive
Infinitive is the citation form of verbs in many languages. Infinitives may be used together with auxiliaries to form periphrastic tenses (e.g. future tense I will sit in a plane), they appear as arguments of modal verbs etc. English verbs with the PTB tag VB have this feature if they have an auxiliary or modal verb or the inifinitval to attached to it.
Examples:
- I have to leave.
Part: participle
Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives. It is used to form various periphrastic verb forms such as complex tenses and passives. In English, all words with the PTB tag VBD have this feature. Further, words with the PTB tag VBG can also have this feature if they are preceded by an inflection of to be.
Examples:
- He could have been prepared if he had forseen it.
- I will be driving home.
Ger: gerund
Gerund is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and nouns. In English, all words with the PTB tag VBG have this feature if they are not preceded by an inflection of to be.
Examples:
- I look forward to seeing you.
- She turns a blind eye to my being late.
Treebank Statistics (UD_English)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 4 different values: Fin, Ger, Inf, Part.
43822 tokens (17%) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
4469 types (23%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm.
2143 lemmas (13%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The feature is used with 5 part-of-speech tags: en-pos/VERB (34072; 13% instances), en-pos/AUX (9746; 4% instances), en-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), en-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances).
VERB
34072 en-pos/VERB tokens (100% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and VerbForm co-occurred: Person=EMPTY (28392; 83%), Number=EMPTY (28381; 83%), Mood=EMPTY (18082; 53%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Fin(15990; 47% of non-emptyVerbForm): is, was, are, have, ‘s, had, were, said, has, ‘mGer(2861; 8% of non-emptyVerbForm): going, being, getting, looking, following, including, taking, having, using, doingInf(9474; 28% of non-emptyVerbForm): be, have, get, know, do, go, make, take, see, likePart(5747; 17% of non-emptyVerbForm): been, going, had, attached, done, made, used, based, called, doingEMPTY(6): associates, cell, crossing, jack, rays, resource
| Paradigm be | Fin | Inf | Part | Ger |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| _ | be, are | being | ||
| Mood=Imp | be | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past | was | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres | am | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past | was | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres | is, 's, s, ai | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | was | |||
| Mood=Ind|Tense=Past | were | |||
| Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres | are, 'm, 're, m, r, re, is | |||
| Tense=Past | been |
AUX
9746 en-pos/AUX tokens (100% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and VerbForm co-occurred: Person=EMPTY (7878; 81%), Number=EMPTY (7875; 81%), Mood=EMPTY (5061; 52%), Tense=EMPTY (4934; 51%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Fin(8737; 90% of non-emptyVerbForm): will, can, would, could, do, should, have, is, was, areGer(102; 1% of non-emptyVerbForm): being, having, gettingInf(672; 7% of non-emptyVerbForm): be, have, do, get, of, am, ‘vePart(235; 2% of non-emptyVerbForm): been
| Paradigm be | Fin | Inf | Part | Ger |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| _ | be, am | being | ||
| Mood=Imp | be | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past | was | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres | am | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past | was | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres | is, 's, s | |||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | was | |||
| Mood=Ind|Tense=Past | were | |||
| Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres | are, 'm, 're, m, r, re, ai | |||
| Tense=Past | been |
NOUN
2 en-pos/NOUN tokens (0% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and VerbForm co-occurred: Number=EMPTY (2; 100%).
NOUN tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Ger(1; 50% of non-emptyVerbForm): marryingInf(1; 50% of non-emptyVerbForm): answersEMPTY(43786): time, people, service, place, thanks, food, way, year, day, number
ADV
1 en-pos/ADV tokens (0% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADV and VerbForm co-occurred: PronType=EMPTY (1; 100%).
ADV tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Inf(1; 100% of non-emptyVerbForm): forwardEMPTY(13038): so, just, when, very, also, how, now, even, there, then
ADP
1 en-pos/ADP tokens (0% of all ADP tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.
ADP tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:
Fin(1; 100% of non-emptyVerbForm): upEMPTY(21679): of, in, to, for, on, with, at, from, by, as
Relations with Agreement in VerbForm
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in VerbForm:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (2090; 72%),
VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (354; 54%),
VERB –[advcl]–> AUX (8; 67%),
VERB –[list]–> VERB (5; 56%),
VERB –[ccomp]–> AUX (5; 63%),
VERB –[remnant]–> VERB (4; 80%),
VERB –[amod]–> VERB (2; 100%),
VERB –[compound:prt]–> VERB (1; 100%),
AUX –[parataxis]–> VERB (1; 100%),
AUX –[conj]–> AUX (1; 100%).
VerbForm in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]