mark: marker
A marker (mark) is the subordinating conjunction in a
non-complement subordinate clause.
Kun tulin kotiin , jätin avaimen pöydälle . \n When I_came home , I_left key on_table .
mark(tulin-2, Kun-1)
nmod(tulin-2, kotiin-3)
punct(tulin-2, ,-4)
advcl(jätin-5, tulin-2)
dobj(jätin-5, avaimen-6)
nmod(jätin-5, pöydälle-7)
punct(jätin-5, .-8)
The dependency relation mark is also used to identify the
complementizer appearing in most clausal complements, where the head
of the dependency is the main verb of the subordinate clause. The only
complementizer in Finnish is että “that”. (These relations are
annotated complm in TDT.)
Sanoin , että hän voi tulla . \n I_said , that he can come .
ccomp(Sanoin-1, tulla-6)
punct(tulla-6, ,-2)
mark(tulla-6, että-3)
nsubj(tulla-6, hän-4)
aux(tulla-6, voi-5)
punct(Sanoin-1, .-7)
The comparative conjunction (most commonly kuin, which corresponds
roughly to “than” and “as” in English) is marked with the dependency
type mark. The head of the dependency is the element
being compared.
enemmän kuin haluaisin \n more than I_would_want
advcl(enemmän-1, haluaisin-3)
mark(haluaisin-3, kuin-2)
The main subordinating conjunctions are the following:
- että “that”
- jotta “so that”
- koska “because”
- kun “when”
- jos “if”
- vaikka “even though”
- kunnes “until”
- kuin “as, than”
Note that the conjunction kuin can also serve as an adverb modifier advmod.
In addition to the basic subordinating conjunctions, the following words or word combinations can be considered subordinating conjunctions. Not all of these expressions have a direct counterpart in English, and thus the translations are approximate.
- ennenkuin “before”
- jahka “as soon as”
- jos kohta “even if”
- kun taas “whereas”
- kuten “like, as”
- mikäli “if”
- mitä nyt “only”
- muuten “otherwise”
- niin “so”
- niinkuin/niinku “like” (standard and colloquial version)
- paitsi “except”
- paitsi että “except that”
- paitsi jos “except if”
- sikäli kuin “if”
- sillä “because”
- sitten kun “then when”
- vähän kuin “a bit like”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This relation is universal.
3454 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as mark.
3453 instances of mark (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.329473074696.
The following 30 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mark: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/SCONJ (2521; 73% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/SCONJ (330; 10% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (222; 6% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (167; 5% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/SCONJ (68; 2% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/SCONJ (41; 1% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADV (37; 1% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/SCONJ (17; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/SCONJ (8; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/CONJ (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/CONJ (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/SYM-fi-pos/SCONJ (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/SYM-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances).
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1 On olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 cop _ _
2 kyllä kyllä ADV Adv _ 3 advmod _ _
3 kiva kiva ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT Punct _ 7 punct _ _
5 kun kun SCONJ C _ 7 mark _ _
6 tuolla tuolla ADV Adv _ 7 advmod _ _
7 sai saada VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 csubj:cop _ _
8 hipelöidä hipelöidä VERB V InfForm=1|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 7 xcomp _ _
9 kaikkea kaikki PRON Pron Case=Par|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 8 dobj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
11 :) :) SYM Symb _ 3 discourse _ _
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
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1 Miespoliitikon mies#poliitikko NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Sing 2 nmod:poss _ _
2 elämänkaari elämän#kaari NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 4 nsubj:cop _ _
3 on olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 cop _ _
4 erilainen erilainen ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
5 kuin kuin SCONJ C _ 6 mark _ _
6 poliitikkonaisen poliitikko#nainen NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Sing 4 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT Punct _ 4 punct _ _
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# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
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1 Se se PRON Pron Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 nsubj:cop _ _
2 on olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 cop _ _
3 oma oma ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 4 amod _ _
4 vika vika NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
5 jos jos SCONJ C _ 7 mark _ _
6 on olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 7 cop _ _
7 yksinäinen yksinäinen ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 4 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No
8 , , PUNCT Punct _ 4 punct _ _
9 hän hän PRON Pron Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _
10 sanoo sanoa VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT Punct _ 4 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This relation is universal.
4475 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as mark.
4399 instances of mark (98%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.87396648044693.
The following 32 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mark: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/SCONJ (2961; 66% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/SCONJ (465; 10% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/PART (247; 6% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (240; 5% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADV (160; 4% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/SCONJ (68; 2% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/PART (56; 1% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/SCONJ (50; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/SCONJ (44; 1% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADV (39; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/PART (25; 1% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/PART (17; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/ADV (15; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/ADV (14; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/PRON (14; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/PART (13; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/SCONJ (11; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/ADV (6; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/PART (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/DET-fi-pos/PART (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/PRON (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/ADV (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PART-fi-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PUNCT-fi-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/SCONJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5 3 mark color:blue
1 Alta alta ADV Adv _ 2 advmod _ _
2 mennään mennä VERB V,Pass,Ind,Pres Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _
3 vaikka vaikka SCONJ Pcle,CS _ 5 mark _ _
4 niskat niska NOUN N,Pl,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _
5 katkeis katketa VERB V,Act,Cond,Sg3 Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 2 advcl _ _
6 . . PUNCT Pun _ 5 punct _ _
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# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 3 2 mark color:blue
1 paavillisempi paavillinen ADJ A,Cmp,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
2 kuin kuin SCONJ Pcle,CS _ 3 mark _ FTB-Sub=comparator
3 paavi paavi NOUN N,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 1 advcl _ FTB-Sub=comparison
4 itse itse PRON Pron,Refl,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Reflex=Yes 3 nmod _ _
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# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 8 6 mark color:blue
1 Heti heti ADV Adv _ 8 advmod _ _
2 kun kun SCONJ Pcle,CS _ 3 mark _ _
3 laulan laulaa VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg1 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 1 acl _ _
4 hieman hieman ADV Adv _ 5 advmod _ _
5 rokimpaa rokki NOUN N,Cmp,Sg,Par Case=Par|Degree=Cmp|Number=Sing 3 dobj _ _
6 niin niin PART Pcle _ 8 mark _ _
7 sen se PRON Pron,Dem,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 8 dobj _ _
8 kuulee kuulla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
9 . . PUNCT Pun _ 8 punct _ _
mark in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]