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mark: marker

A marker (mark) is the subordinating conjunction in a non-complement subordinate clause.

Kun tulin kotiin , jätin avaimen pöydälle . \n When I_came home , I_left key on_table .
mark(tulin-2, Kun-1)
nmod(tulin-2, kotiin-3)
punct(tulin-2, ,-4)
advcl(jätin-5, tulin-2)
dobj(jätin-5, avaimen-6)
nmod(jätin-5, pöydälle-7)
punct(jätin-5, .-8)

The dependency relation mark is also used to identify the complementizer appearing in most clausal complements, where the head of the dependency is the main verb of the subordinate clause. The only complementizer in Finnish is että “that”. (These relations are annotated complm in TDT.)

Sanoin , että hän voi tulla . \n I_said , that he can come .
ccomp(Sanoin-1, tulla-6)
punct(tulla-6, ,-2)
mark(tulla-6, että-3)
nsubj(tulla-6, hän-4)
aux(tulla-6, voi-5)
punct(Sanoin-1, .-7)

The comparative conjunction (most commonly kuin, which corresponds roughly to “than” and “as” in English) is marked with the dependency type mark. The head of the dependency is the element being compared.

enemmän kuin haluaisin \n more than I_would_want
advcl(enemmän-1, haluaisin-3)
mark(haluaisin-3, kuin-2)

The main subordinating conjunctions are the following:

Note that the conjunction kuin can also serve as an adverb modifier advmod.

In addition to the basic subordinating conjunctions, the following words or word combinations can be considered subordinating conjunctions. Not all of these expressions have a direct counterpart in English, and thus the translations are approximate.


Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)

This relation is universal.

3454 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as mark.

3453 instances of mark (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 3.329473074696.

The following 30 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mark: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/SCONJ (2521; 73% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/SCONJ (330; 10% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (222; 6% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (167; 5% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/SCONJ (68; 2% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/SCONJ (41; 1% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADV (37; 1% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/SCONJ (17; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/SCONJ (8; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/CONJ (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/CONJ (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/SYM-fi-pos/SCONJ (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/SYM-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 5 mark	color:blue
1	On	olla	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	3	cop	_	_
2	kyllä	kyllä	ADV	Adv	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	kiva	kiva	ADJ	A	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	Punct	_	7	punct	_	_
5	kun	kun	SCONJ	C	_	7	mark	_	_
6	tuolla	tuolla	ADV	Adv	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	sai	saada	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	3	csubj:cop	_	_
8	hipelöidä	hipelöidä	VERB	V	InfForm=1|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act	7	xcomp	_	_
9	kaikkea	kaikki	PRON	Pron	Case=Par|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	dobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:)	:)	SYM	Symb	_	3	discourse	_	_

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 5 mark	color:blue
1	Miespoliitikon	mies#poliitikko	NOUN	N	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	elämänkaari	elämän#kaari	NOUN	N	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	4	nsubj:cop	_	_
3	on	olla	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	4	cop	_	_
4	erilainen	erilainen	ADJ	A	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	kuin	kuin	SCONJ	C	_	6	mark	_	_
6	poliitikkonaisen	poliitikko#nainen	NOUN	N	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	4	punct	_	_

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 5 mark	color:blue
1	Se	se	PRON	Pron	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj:cop	_	_
2	on	olla	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	4	cop	_	_
3	oma	oma	ADJ	A	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing	4	amod	_	_
4	vika	vika	NOUN	N	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	jos	jos	SCONJ	C	_	7	mark	_	_
6	on	olla	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	7	cop	_	_
7	yksinäinen	yksinäinen	ADJ	A	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	Punct	_	4	punct	_	_
9	hän	hän	PRON	Pron	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	sanoo	sanoa	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	4	punct	_	_


Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)

This relation is universal.

4475 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as mark.

4399 instances of mark (98%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 2.87396648044693.

The following 32 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mark: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/SCONJ (2961; 66% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/SCONJ (465; 10% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/PART (247; 6% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (240; 5% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADV (160; 4% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/SCONJ (68; 2% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/PART (56; 1% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/SCONJ (50; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/SCONJ (44; 1% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADV (39; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/PART (25; 1% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/PART (17; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/ADV (15; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/ADV (14; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/PRON (14; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/PART (13; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/SCONJ (11; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/ADV (6; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/PART (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/DET-fi-pos/PART (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/PRON (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/ADV (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PART-fi-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PUNCT-fi-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/SCONJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 3 mark	color:blue
1	Alta	alta	ADV	Adv	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	mennään	mennä	VERB	V,Pass,Ind,Pres	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	vaikka	vaikka	SCONJ	Pcle,CS	_	5	mark	_	_
4	niskat	niska	NOUN	N,Pl,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	katkeis	katketa	VERB	V,Act,Cond,Sg3	Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	2	advcl	_	_
6	.	.	PUNCT	Pun	_	5	punct	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 2 mark	color:blue
1	paavillisempi	paavillinen	ADJ	A,Cmp,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	kuin	kuin	SCONJ	Pcle,CS	_	3	mark	_	FTB-Sub=comparator
3	paavi	paavi	NOUN	N,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	1	advcl	_	FTB-Sub=comparison
4	itse	itse	PRON	Pron,Refl,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Reflex=Yes	3	nmod	_	_

# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 6 mark	color:blue
1	Heti	heti	ADV	Adv	_	8	advmod	_	_
2	kun	kun	SCONJ	Pcle,CS	_	3	mark	_	_
3	laulan	laulaa	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg1	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	1	acl	_	_
4	hieman	hieman	ADV	Adv	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	rokimpaa	rokki	NOUN	N,Cmp,Sg,Par	Case=Par|Degree=Cmp|Number=Sing	3	dobj	_	_
6	niin	niin	PART	Pcle	_	8	mark	_	_
7	sen	se	PRON	Pron,Dem,Sg,Gen	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	dobj	_	_
8	kuulee	kuulla	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
9	.	.	PUNCT	Pun	_	8	punct	_	_


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