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mwe: multi-word expression

The multi-word expression (modifier) relation is used for certain fixed expressions that behave as a unit.

Multiword expressions are annotated in a flat, head-initial structure, in which all words in the expression modify the first one using the mwe label.

Itse asiassa hän tuli jo eilen . \n As_a matter_of_fact he came already yesterday .
mwe(Itse-1, asiassa-2)
advmod(tuli-4, Itse-1)
nsubj(tuli-4, hän-3)
advmod(tuli-4, eilen-6)
advmod(eilen-6, jo-5)
punct(tuli-4, .-7)

The following expressions are considered idiomatic, and their parts are to be combined with the dependency type mwe in UD Finnish. Note that this is not intended to be a closed list, but rather a list of examples that were encountered while annotating the TDT corpus. The two-part expressions that fall into the categories of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions are omitted here, and instead listed under cc and mark, respectively. Due to the idiomatic nature of these two-part expressions, the translations may on occasion not be very natural.

Adverbs:

Adjectives:

Adpositions:

Determiners:

Interjections:

Nominals:

Other: (the POS may vary)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)

This relation is universal.

494 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as mwe.

494 instances of mwe (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 1.01214574898785.

The following 29 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mwe: fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/ADV (289; 59% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/ADV (70; 14% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/SCONJ (23; 5% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/INTJ (20; 4% instances), fi-pos/CONJ-fi-pos/ADV (13; 3% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/ADP (12; 2% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/ADJ (10; 2% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/SCONJ (6; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/CONJ (5; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/INTJ (5; 1% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADV (5; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/NOUN (4; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/PRON (4; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/ADV (3; 1% instances), fi-pos/CONJ-fi-pos/CONJ (3; 1% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/NOUN (3; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/INTJ (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/SCONJ-fi-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/SCONJ-fi-pos/SCONJ (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/X (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/INTJ (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 5 mwe	color:blue
1	Shieldit	Shield	PROPN	N	Case=Nom|Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kiinnittyvät	kiinnittyä	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
3	Arduinoon	Arduino	PROPN	N	Case=Ill|Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
4	näin	näin	ADV	Adv	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	ikään	ikään	ADV	Adv	_	4	mwe	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	2	punct	_	_

# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 3 mwe	color:blue
1	´	´	PUNCT	Punct	_	2	punct	_	_
2	kenelle	kuka	PRON	Pron	Case=All|Number=Sing|PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
3	hyvänsä	hyvänsä	ADV	Adv	_	2	mwe	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	Punct	_	8	punct	_	_
5	joka	joka	PRON	Pron	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
6	ei	ei	VERB	V	Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	8	neg	_	_
7	ole	olla	AUX	V	Connegative=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	rohjennut	rohjeta	VERB	V	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act	2	acl:relcl	_	_
9	´	´	PUNCT	Punct	_	2	punct	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 mwe	color:blue
1	Entä	entä	ADV	Adv	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	jos	jos	SCONJ	C	_	1	mwe	_	_
3	minä	minä	PRON	Pron	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	en	ei	VERB	V	Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	5	neg	_	_
5	kuolekaan	kuolla	VERB	V	Clitic=Kaan|Connegative=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	Punct	_	5	punct	_	_


Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)

This relation is universal.

545 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as mwe.

545 instances of mwe (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 1.10275229357798.

The following 48 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mwe: fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/SCONJ (157; 29% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/NOUN (35; 6% instances), fi-pos/PART-fi-pos/PART (35; 6% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/ADV (33; 6% instances), fi-pos/PART-fi-pos/SCONJ (33; 6% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/PRON (24; 4% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/SCONJ (24; 4% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (19; 3% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/NOUN (19; 3% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/ADV (17; 3% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADV (15; 3% instances), fi-pos/PART-fi-pos/ADV (14; 3% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (12; 2% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/PART (10; 2% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/SCONJ (9; 2% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/PRON (8; 1% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/CONJ (7; 1% instances), fi-pos/SCONJ-fi-pos/PART (7; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/NOUN (6; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/DET (5; 1% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/PART (5; 1% instances), fi-pos/SCONJ-fi-pos/ADV (5; 1% instances), fi-pos/PART-fi-pos/CONJ (4; 1% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/DET (4; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/ADJ (3; 1% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/NOUN (3; 1% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (3; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/CONJ (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/PART-fi-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/PART (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/SCONJ-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/INTJ-fi-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PART-fi-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/PART (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 4 mwe	color:blue
1	viini	viini	NOUN	N,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	6	nsubj:cop	_	_
2	on	olla	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	6	cop	_	_
3	enemmän	enemmän	ADV	Adv,Cmp	Degree=Cmp	5	dep	_	_
4	kuin	kuin	SCONJ	Pcle,CS	_	3	mwe	_	Missed-Rel=attr
5	hintansa	hinta	NOUN	N,Sg,Gen,Px3	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3	6	nmod	_	_
6	arvoinen	arvoinen	ADJ	A,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	.	.	PUNCT	Pun	_	6	punct	_	_

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 5 mwe	color:blue
1	Olin	olla	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg1	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	2	cop	_	_
2	pelastettu	pelastaa	VERB	V,Pass,PcpNut,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	Pun	_	2	punct	_	_
4	sen	sen	PART	Pcle	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	kun	kun	PART	Pcle	_	4	mwe	_	_
6	seurasin	seurata	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg1	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	2	conj	_	_
7	rekkojen	rekka	NOUN	N,Pl,Gen	Case=Gen|Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
8	perävaloja	perävalo	NOUN	N,Pl,Par	Case=Par|Number=Plur	6	dobj	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 mwe	color:blue
1	yötä	yö	NOUN	N,Sg,Par	Case=Par|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	päivää	päivä	NOUN	N,Sg,Par	Case=Par|Number=Sing	1	mwe	_	_


mwe in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]