PRON
: pronoun
Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.
See also PronType.
Examples
- [fi] minä, sinä, hän, me, te, he “I, you, he/she, we, you, they” (personal pronouns)
- [fi] itse “self” (reflexive pronoun)
- [fi] tämä, tuo, se, nämä, nuo, ne “this, that, it/that, these, those, they/those” (demonstrative pronouns)
- [fi] kuka, mikä, kumpi “who, what, which” (interrogative pronouns)
- [fi] joka, mikä “who, that” (relative pronouns)
- [fi] TODO (indefinite pronouns)
- [fi] TODO (totality pronouns)
- [fi] TODO (negative pronouns)
- [fi] muu “other”, sama “same”
References
- http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=713 (in Finnish)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
There are 48 PRON
lemmas (0%), 599 PRON
types (1%) and 11924 PRON
tokens (7%).
Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of PRON
is: 11 in number of lemmas, 7 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PRON
lemmas: se, joka, tämä, hän, minä, mikä, kaikki, muu, jokin, sinä
The 10 most frequent PRON
types: se, hän, sen, joka, sitä, siitä, tämä, tämän, jotka, ne
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: joka (PRON 1667, ADV 6), kaikki (PRON 487, ADV 1), muu (PRON 378, ADV 1), toinen (PRON 171, ADJ 136, NOUN 36), itse (PRON 165, ADV 119), yksi (NUM 173, PRON 47), ainoa (PRON 30, ADJ 5, NOUN 1), harva (PRON 8, ADJ 4, ADV 1), usea (ADJ 107, PRON 4), useampi (PRON 2, ADJ 2)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: sen (PRON 476, ADV 13), joka (PRON 467, ADV 6), sitä (PRON 303, ADV 18, CONJ 2), tämän (PRON 181, ADV 1), mitä (PRON 177, ADV 12, CONJ 4, SCONJ 1), kaikki (PRON 170, ADV 1), siinä (PRON 74, ADV 13), tästä (PRON 55, ADV 1), jotain (PRON 79, ADV 2), sillä (SCONJ 138, PRON 59)
- sen
- joka
- sitä
- tämän
- mitä
- PRON 177: Ja mitä kustantaa valmis dolly ?
- ADV 12: Vatsani oli aivan pohjaton ja veti sitä enemmän , mitä enemmän söin .
- CONJ 4: Kotitalousvähennyksen käyttö vähenee , mitä niukemmin kotitalous ansaitsee .
- SCONJ 1: 1 kotitekoinen vuokaleipä tehty tällä ohjeella ( leipä kannattaa tehdä ainakin pari päivää aikaisemmin mitä aikoo tehdä kakun )
- kaikki
- siinä
- tästä
- jotain
- sillä
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PRON
is 12.479167 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.036755).
The 1st highest number of forms (46) was observed with the lemma “se”: Senhän, Siinäpä, Sitähän, ne, nekin, niiden, niidenkin, niihin, niil, niilki, niille, niillä, niilläkin, niiltä, niinä, niissä, niistä, niistäkin, niit, niitten, niitä, se, sehän, sekin, sekään, sen, senkin, senkään, sieltä, siihe, siihen, siihenkin, siin, siinä, siitä, siitähän, siitäkin, siitäs, sille, sillä, silläkin, siltä, sinä, sitä, sitäkin, sitäkään.
The 2nd highest number of forms (45) was observed with the lemma “minä”: Mehän, me, meidän, meidät, meil, meille, meillä, meilläkin, meiltä, meistä, meitä, meiäm, meiän, mekin, mie, minua, minulla, minulle, minulta, minultakin, minun, minunkin, minussa, minussakin, minusta, minut, minutkin, minuun, minä, minähän, minäkin, minäkään, minäpä, mua, mul, mull, mulla, mulle, mullekin, multa, mun, musta, mut, mä, mää.
The 3rd highest number of forms (39) was observed with the lemma “tämä”: Näine, Tähänkin, Tässäkö, Täst, näiden, näihin, näille, näillä, näinä, näis, näissä, näissäkin, näistä, näitä, näitäkin, nämä, nää, tähän, tähän(kin), täksi, tälle, tällekin, tällä, tältä, tämä, tämäkin, tämän, tämänkin, tän, tänä, tänäkin, tänäkään, tässä, tässäkin, tästä, tästäkin, tätä, tätäkä, tää.
PRON
occurs with 11 features: fi-feat/Number (11920; 100% instances), fi-feat/Case (11919; 100% instances), fi-feat/PronType (11725; 98% instances), fi-feat/Person (2474; 21% instances), fi-feat/Style (285; 2% instances), fi-feat/Clitic (191; 2% instances), fi-feat/Person[psor] (176; 1% instances), fi-feat/Reflex (165; 1% instances), fi-feat/Number[psor] (46; 0% instances), fi-feat/Typo (15; 0% instances), fi-feat/Degree (4; 0% instances)
PRON
occurs with 41 feature-value pairs: Case=Abl
, Case=Acc
, Case=Ade
, Case=All
, Case=Com
, Case=Ela
, Case=Ess
, Case=Gen
, Case=Ill
, Case=Ine
, Case=Ins
, Case=Nom
, Case=Par
, Case=Tra
, Clitic=Han
, Clitic=Han,Ko
, Clitic=Kaan
, Clitic=Kin
, Clitic=Ko
, Clitic=Pa
, Clitic=S
, Degree=Pos
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
, Number[psor]=Plur
, Number[psor]=Sing
, Person=1
, Person=2
, Person=3
, Person[psor]=1
, Person[psor]=2
, Person[psor]=3
, PronType=Dem
, PronType=Ind
, PronType=Int
, PronType=Prs
, PronType=Rcp
, PronType=Rel
, Reflex=Yes
, Style=Coll
, Typo=Yes
PRON
occurs with 360 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
(1145 tokens).
Examples: se, tämä, tuo
Relations
PRON
nodes are attached to their parents using 28 different relations: fi-dep/det (3128; 26% instances), fi-dep/nsubj (2868; 24% instances), fi-dep/nmod (2274; 19% instances), fi-dep/dobj (1523; 13% instances), fi-dep/nmod:poss (737; 6% instances), fi-dep/nsubj:cop (662; 6% instances), fi-dep/nmod:own (186; 2% instances), fi-dep/root (114; 1% instances), fi-dep/conj (103; 1% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gobj (71; 1% instances), fi-dep/advcl (55; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gsubj (45; 0% instances), fi-dep/advmod (41; 0% instances), fi-dep/ccomp (38; 0% instances), fi-dep/remnant (21; 0% instances), fi-dep/appos (20; 0% instances), fi-dep/mwe (6; 0% instances), fi-dep/acl:relcl (5; 0% instances), fi-dep/amod (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/mark (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/parataxis (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/xcomp:ds (3; 0% instances), fi-dep/compound:nn (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/dep (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/discourse (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/nummod (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/vocative (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/xcomp (2; 0% instances)
Parents of PRON
nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: VERB (6597; 55% instances), NOUN (4291; 36% instances), ADJ (471; 4% instances), PRON (220; 2% instances), ADV (130; 1% instances), ROOT (114; 1% instances), PROPN (57; 0% instances), NUM (30; 0% instances), AUX (6; 0% instances), SYM (3; 0% instances), X (3; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)
10389 (87%) PRON
nodes are leaves.
1158 (10%) PRON
nodes have one child.
184 (2%) PRON
nodes have two children.
193 (2%) PRON
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a PRON
node is 10.
Children of PRON
nodes are attached using 30 different relations: fi-dep/case (396; 17% instances), fi-dep/ccomp (343; 15% instances), fi-dep/advmod (261; 11% instances), fi-dep/punct (231; 10% instances), fi-dep/nmod (155; 7% instances), fi-dep/acl:relcl (134; 6% instances), fi-dep/cop (132; 6% instances), fi-dep/nsubj:cop (127; 5% instances), fi-dep/det (103; 4% instances), fi-dep/advcl (100; 4% instances), fi-dep/conj (85; 4% instances), fi-dep/mwe (84; 4% instances), fi-dep/cc (80; 3% instances), fi-dep/mark (42; 2% instances), fi-dep/appos (24; 1% instances), fi-dep/remnant (23; 1% instances), fi-dep/amod (9; 0% instances), fi-dep/aux (7; 0% instances), fi-dep/neg (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:poss (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/parataxis (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/acl (3; 0% instances), fi-dep/discourse (3; 0% instances), fi-dep/nummod (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/xcomp (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/cc:preconj (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/compound:nn (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/csubj:cop (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/dobj (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/nsubj (1; 0% instances)
Children of PRON
nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: VERB (616; 26% instances), ADP (395; 17% instances), ADV (337; 14% instances), NOUN (324; 14% instances), PUNCT (231; 10% instances), PRON (220; 9% instances), CONJ (79; 3% instances), ADJ (58; 2% instances), SCONJ (51; 2% instances), PROPN (32; 1% instances), AUX (7; 0% instances), INTJ (6; 0% instances), NUM (5; 0% instances), SYM (2; 0% instances)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
There are 44 PRON
lemmas (0%), 588 PRON
types (1%) and 10572 PRON
tokens (7%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PRON
is: 12 in number of lemmas, 7 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PRON
lemmas: se, hän, minä, joka, sinä, mikä, me, ne, tämä, he
The 10 most frequent PRON
types: se, hän, minä, sen, sitä, mitä, joka, mä, ne, sinä
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: se (PRON 2295, DET 560, NOUN 2), hän (PRON 1460, DET 135), minä (PRON 1402, DET 84, NOUN 2), joka (PRON 732, DET 114), sinä (PRON 594, DET 42), mikä (PRON 564, DET 153), me (PRON 483, DET 74, X 1), ne (PRON 394, DET 148), tämä (DET 482, PRON 370), he (PRON 323, DET 46)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: se (PRON 877, DET 152), minä (PRON 284, DET 3), sen (PRON 282, DET 155, PART 3), sitä (PRON 265, DET 72, PART 30), mitä (PRON 214, DET 20, PART 14, ADV 6), joka (PRON 269, DET 62), ne (PRON 161, DET 42), sinä (PRON 162, DET 11), siitä (PRON 171, DET 23, ADV 7), me (PRON 123, X 1, VERB 1)
- se
- minä
- sen
- sitä
- mitä
- joka
- ne
- sinä
- siitä
- me
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PRON
is 13.363636 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.044212).
The 1st highest number of forms (51) was observed with the lemma “minä”: Minähän, Minäkö, Minäpäs, Mullahan, Mäkin, m, m-, ma, mi, mie, miekii, minua, minulla, minullakin, minulle, minullekin, minulta, minultakin, minun, minunhan, minunkin, minussa, minussakin, minusta, minut, minuun, minä, minäki, minäkin, minäkä, minäkään, minäkös, minäpä, miul, miullaha, miäpäs, mua, mul, mull, mulla, mulle, mullekin, multa, mum, mun, must, musta, mut, mä, mää, määki.
The 2nd highest number of forms (48) was observed with the lemma “se”: Sepä, Sepäs, Siihenkö, Siitäkin, Siitäpä, Sitähän, Sitäkö, s, se, se-, sehän, sej, seki, sekin, sekään, sekö, sen, senhän, senkään, si, siihe, siihem, siihen, siihenkin, siin, siint, siinä, siinähä, siinäkin, siinäpä, siit, siitä, siitähän, siitäkään, siksi, sil, sille, sillä, silläkin, silt, siltä, sit, sitä, sitäkin, sitäkään, sitäkäänkö, so, s´.
The 3rd highest number of forms (43) was observed with the lemma “itse”: Iteki, ihtiisäj, ite, itse, itseemme, itseen, itseensä, itsekin, itsekään, itselle, itsellee, itselleen, itselleenkin, itsellekin, itselleni, itsellensä, itselläsikin, itsellään, itselläänkin, itseltään, itseni, itsenne, itsensä, itsensäkin, itsesi, itsestä, itsestämme, itsestäni, itsestänikään, itsestäsi, itsestään, itseä, itseämme, itseäni, itseänne, itseäsi, itseään, itte, itteeni, ittees, ittelläs, ittellää, ittenä.
PRON
occurs with 10 features: fi-feat/Case (10569; 100% instances), fi-feat/PronType (10269; 97% instances), fi-feat/Number (9867; 93% instances), fi-feat/Person (4435; 42% instances), fi-feat/Style (816; 8% instances), fi-feat/Clitic (309; 3% instances), fi-feat/Reflex (303; 3% instances), fi-feat/Person[psor] (270; 3% instances), fi-feat/Number[psor] (59; 1% instances), fi-feat/Degree (15; 0% instances)
PRON
occurs with 44 feature-value pairs: Case=Abl
, Case=Acc
, Case=Ade
, Case=All
, Case=Ela
, Case=Ess
, Case=Gen
, Case=Ill
, Case=Ine
, Case=Ins
, Case=Nom
, Case=Par
, Case=Tra
, Clitic=Han
, Clitic=Han,Kin
, Clitic=Han,Ko
, Clitic=Kaan
, Clitic=Kaan,Ko
, Clitic=Kin
, Clitic=Ko
, Clitic=Ko,S
, Clitic=Pa
, Clitic=Pa,S
, Clitic=S
, Degree=Cmp
, Degree=Sup
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
, Number[psor]=Plur
, Number[psor]=Sing
, Person=1
, Person=2
, Person=3
, Person[psor]=1
, Person[psor]=2
, Person[psor]=3
, PronType=Dem
, PronType=Ind
, PronType=Int
, PronType=Prs
, PronType=Rcp
, PronType=Rel
, Reflex=Yes
, Style=Coll
PRON
occurs with 389 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem
(1235 tokens).
Examples: se, tämä, tuo, se-
Relations
PRON
nodes are attached to their parents using 22 different relations: fi-dep/nsubj (4252; 40% instances), fi-dep/nmod (2089; 20% instances), fi-dep/dobj (1748; 17% instances), fi-dep/nsubj:cop (887; 8% instances), fi-dep/expl (447; 4% instances), fi-dep/nmod:own (441; 4% instances), fi-dep/conj (186; 2% instances), fi-dep/root (165; 2% instances), fi-dep/advmod (111; 1% instances), fi-dep/advcl (68; 1% instances), fi-dep/mwe (39; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gobj (28; 0% instances), fi-dep/vocative (25; 0% instances), fi-dep/ccomp (24; 0% instances), fi-dep/mark (21; 0% instances), fi-dep/dep (13; 0% instances), fi-dep/acl (11; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod:gsubj (9; 0% instances), fi-dep/det (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/amod (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/csubj:cop (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/xcomp (1; 0% instances)
Parents of PRON
nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: VERB (8544; 81% instances), NOUN (836; 8% instances), ADJ (596; 6% instances), PRON (278; 3% instances), ROOT (165; 2% instances), PROPN (66; 1% instances), ADV (32; 0% instances), DET (18; 0% instances), NUM (16; 0% instances), ADP (9; 0% instances), X (5; 0% instances), PART (4; 0% instances), INTJ (3; 0% instances)
8397 (79%) PRON
nodes are leaves.
1651 (16%) PRON
nodes have one child.
317 (3%) PRON
nodes have two children.
207 (2%) PRON
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a PRON
node is 10.
Children of PRON
nodes are attached using 25 different relations: fi-dep/punct (1102; 36% instances), fi-dep/case (392; 13% instances), fi-dep/nmod (279; 9% instances), fi-dep/advmod (262; 9% instances), fi-dep/cop (166; 5% instances), fi-dep/conj (128; 4% instances), fi-dep/nsubj:cop (124; 4% instances), fi-dep/mwe (94; 3% instances), fi-dep/det (92; 3% instances), fi-dep/mark (89; 3% instances), fi-dep/acl (84; 3% instances), fi-dep/cc (77; 3% instances), fi-dep/advcl (52; 2% instances), fi-dep/amod (32; 1% instances), fi-dep/neg (25; 1% instances), fi-dep/discourse (14; 0% instances), fi-dep/expl (11; 0% instances), fi-dep/nummod (10; 0% instances), fi-dep/aux (9; 0% instances), fi-dep/dep (8; 0% instances), fi-dep/csubj:cop (5; 0% instances), fi-dep/vocative (4; 0% instances), fi-dep/nsubj (3; 0% instances), fi-dep/reparandum (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/xcomp (2; 0% instances)
Children of PRON
nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: PUNCT (1102; 36% instances), ADP (396; 13% instances), VERB (320; 10% instances), PRON (278; 9% instances), NOUN (277; 9% instances), PART (190; 6% instances), ADV (112; 4% instances), DET (96; 3% instances), SCONJ (93; 3% instances), CONJ (78; 3% instances), PROPN (49; 2% instances), ADJ (46; 2% instances), INTJ (14; 0% instances), NUM (13; 0% instances), X (2; 0% instances)
PRON in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]