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PRON: pronoun

Description

Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.

In Irish, third person pronouns have two forms, roughly corresponding to nominative (e.g. ) and accusative (e.g. é) cases. Irish pronouns also have emphatic forms. Pronouns are often incorporated through inflection in synthetic verb forms and prepositions.

Augment pronouns appear in copula constructions when the subject is 3rd person singular or plural. The pronoun precedes the subject.

Both the indirect and direct relative pronoun are represented by a.

Irish demonstratives are either post-determiners (see DET), when modifying a noun, or simply demonstrative pronouns (siúd, seo, sin)

Examples

personal pronouns
emphatic personal pronouns
synthetic verbs with incorporated pronouns
inflected prepositions with incorporated pronouns
augment pronouns
direct relative pronoun
indirect relative pronoun
demonstrative pronouns

Treebank Statistics (UD_Irish)

There are 28 PRON lemmas (1%), 42 PRON types (1%) and 930 PRON tokens (4%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 9 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: sé, é, sin, sí, féin, mé, iad, siad, í, seo

The 10 most frequent PRON types: sé, é, sin, sí, féin, mé, iad, siad, í, seo

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: (PRON 218, NUM 6, VERB 1), sin (PRON 109, DET 106, X 16, VERB 2), féin (PRON 60, NOUN 1), seo (DET 114, PRON 26, X 10, VERB 4), (PRON 23, SCONJ 10, DET 2, NOUN 1, VERB 1), siúd (PRON 14, DET 1), cad (PRON 10, DET 1, VERB 1), cibé (DET 7, PRON 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: (PRON 218, NUM 4), sin (DET 106, PRON 88), seo (DET 114, PRON 23), cén (PRON 9, DET 1), siúd (PRON 12, DET 1), cad (PRON 5, DET 1, VERB 1), (SCONJ 6, PRON 3, NOUN 1), san (ADP 45, X 16, PRON 4), in (ADP 66, PRON 1, NOUN 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 1.500000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.449988).

The 1st highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “sin”: in, san, shin, sin.

The 2nd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “cé”: cé, céard, cén.

The 3rd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “iad”: hiad, iad, iadsan.

PRON occurs with 6 features: ga-feat/Number (687; 74% instances), ga-feat/Person (679; 73% instances), ga-feat/Gender (477; 51% instances), ga-feat/PronType (191; 21% instances), ga-feat/Reflex (60; 6% instances), ga-feat/Form (27; 3% instances)

PRON occurs with 13 feature-value pairs: Form=Emph, Form=Len, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, Reflex=Yes

PRON occurs with 22 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 (361 tokens). Examples: sé, é, hé

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 16 different relations: ga-dep/nsubj (487; 52% instances), ga-dep/nmod (115; 12% instances), ga-dep/dobj (104; 11% instances), ga-dep/compound (73; 8% instances), ga-dep/det (54; 6% instances), ga-dep/root (36; 4% instances), ga-dep/ccomp (19; 2% instances), ga-dep/conj (18; 2% instances), ga-dep/advcl (10; 1% instances), ga-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), ga-dep/parataxis (3; 0% instances), ga-dep/xcomp:pred (3; 0% instances), ga-dep/advmod (2; 0% instances), ga-dep/csubj:cop (1; 0% instances), ga-dep/mark (1; 0% instances), ga-dep/name (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: VERB (542; 58% instances), NOUN (178; 19% instances), PRON (66; 7% instances), ADP (45; 5% instances), ROOT (36; 4% instances), ADJ (24; 3% instances), PROPN (19; 2% instances), SCONJ (9; 1% instances), ADV (4; 0% instances), CONJ (4; 0% instances), X (2; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances)

725 (78%) PRON nodes are leaves.

92 (10%) PRON nodes have one child.

52 (6%) PRON nodes have two children.

61 (7%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 8.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 23 different relations: ga-dep/punct (67; 16% instances), ga-dep/case (41; 10% instances), ga-dep/compound (36; 9% instances), ga-dep/cop (35; 8% instances), ga-dep/nsubj (33; 8% instances), ga-dep/xcomp:pred (30; 7% instances), ga-dep/det (28; 7% instances), ga-dep/conj (21; 5% instances), ga-dep/csubj:cleft (20; 5% instances), ga-dep/cc (19; 5% instances), ga-dep/mark (19; 5% instances), ga-dep/nmod (17; 4% instances), ga-dep/acl:relcl (15; 4% instances), ga-dep/xcomp (13; 3% instances), ga-dep/advcl (6; 1% instances), ga-dep/advmod (6; 1% instances), ga-dep/ccomp (4; 1% instances), ga-dep/amod (3; 1% instances), ga-dep/nmod:prep (3; 1% instances), ga-dep/appos (2; 0% instances), ga-dep/csubj:cop (2; 0% instances), ga-dep/nummod (1; 0% instances), ga-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: NOUN (94; 22% instances), VERB (78; 18% instances), PUNCT (67; 16% instances), PRON (66; 16% instances), ADP (48; 11% instances), CONJ (28; 7% instances), ADJ (11; 3% instances), SCONJ (11; 3% instances), DET (8; 2% instances), PROPN (4; 1% instances), X (4; 1% instances), ADV (3; 1% instances)


PRON in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]