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nsubj: nominal subject

The dependency type nsubj marks nominal subjects of a clause. Subjects are direct dependents of the main predicate of the clause, which may be a verb, noun or adjective.

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Le plus jeune participant a gagné la course . \n The youngest participant won the race .
nsubj(gagné, participant)
{
    "text": "Le plus jeune participant a gagné la course . \n The youngest participant won the race . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 26, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 28, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 34, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 37, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 44, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 48, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 52, 60 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 61, 72 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T14", "token", [ [ 73, 76 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T15", "token", [ [ 77, 80 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T16", "token", [ [ 81, 85 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T17", "token", [ [ 86, 87 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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Papa est malade . \n Dad is sick .
nsubj(malade, Papa)
{
    "text": "Papa est malade . \n Dad is sick . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 16, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 20, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 24, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 27, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 32, 33 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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Maman est une bonne cuisinière . \n Mom is a good cook .
nsubj(cuisinière, Maman)
{
    "text": "Maman est une bonne cuisinière . \n Mom is a good cook . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 20, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 35, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 39, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 42, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 44, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 49, 53 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 54, 55 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_French)

This relation is universal.

21185 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as nsubj.

20570 instances of nsubj (97%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 3.6524427661081.

The following 58 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nsubj: VERB-PRON (7956; 38% instances), VERB-NOUN (5707; 27% instances), VERB-PROPN (2193; 10% instances), NOUN-PROPN (1094; 5% instances), ADJ-NOUN (1019; 5% instances), NOUN-NOUN (1016; 5% instances), NOUN-PRON (936; 4% instances), ADJ-PRON (511; 2% instances), PRON-NOUN (110; 1% instances), PROPN-NOUN (100; 0% instances), ADJ-PROPN (80; 0% instances), PRON-PRON (79; 0% instances), PROPN-PRON (71; 0% instances), PRON-PROPN (41; 0% instances), VERB-NUM (31; 0% instances), ADV-PRON (29; 0% instances), PROPN-PROPN (25; 0% instances), VERB-SYM (24; 0% instances), NUM-NOUN (19; 0% instances), NUM-PRON (19; 0% instances), ADV-NOUN (14; 0% instances), VERB-X (12; 0% instances), SYM-NOUN (11; 0% instances), AUX-NOUN (8; 0% instances), NOUN-NUM (6; 0% instances), NOUN-X (6; 0% instances), VERB-ADJ (6; 0% instances), ADV-PROPN (5; 0% instances), NOUN-SYM (5; 0% instances), ADJ-SYM (4; 0% instances), AUX-PRON (4; 0% instances), NOUN-ADJ (4; 0% instances), NUM-PROPN (4; 0% instances), ADP-NOUN (3; 0% instances), AUX-PROPN (3; 0% instances), DET-NOUN (3; 0% instances), ADJ-NUM (2; 0% instances), SYM-PRON (2; 0% instances), VERB-VERB (2; 0% instances), X-NOUN (2; 0% instances), X-X (2; 0% instances), ADJ-DET (1; 0% instances), ADP-PRON (1; 0% instances), ADP-PROPN (1; 0% instances), ADV-NUM (1; 0% instances), DET-PRON (1; 0% instances), INTJ-NOUN (1; 0% instances), INTJ-PROPN (1; 0% instances), PART-PRON (1; 0% instances), PRON-X (1; 0% instances), PROPN-ADJ (1; 0% instances), PROPN-VERB (1; 0% instances), PROPN-X (1; 0% instances), PUNCT-PRON (1; 0% instances), SCONJ-NOUN (1; 0% instances), SYM-PROPN (1; 0% instances), VERB-DET (1; 0% instances), X-PRON (1; 0% instances).

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# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 nsubj	color:blue
1	Elle	elle	PRON	_	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lutte	lutter	VERB	_	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pour	pour	ADP	_	_	4	mark	_	_
4	échapper	échapper	VERB	_	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
5	à	à	ADP	_	_	7	case	_	_
6	les	le	DET	_	Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	7	det	_	_
7	tueurs	tueur	NOUN	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	à	à	ADP	_	_	10	case	_	_
9	ses	son	DET	_	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	trousses	trousses	NOUN	_	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	2	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "PRON", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "VERB", [ [ 5, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "ADP", [ [ 11, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "VERB", [ [ 16, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "ADP", [ [ 25, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "DET", [ [ 27, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "NOUN", [ [ 31, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "ADP", [ [ 38, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "DET", [ [ 40, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T10", "NOUN", [ [ 44, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T11", "PUNCT", [ [ 53, 54 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-A1", "Gender", "embedded-4-S1-T1", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A2", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T1", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A3", "Person", "embedded-4-S1-T1", "3" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A4", "PronType", "embedded-4-S1-T1", "Prs" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A5", "Mood", "embedded-4-S1-T2", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A6", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T2", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A7", "Person", "embedded-4-S1-T2", "3" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A8", "Tense", "embedded-4-S1-T2", "Pres" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A9", "VerbForm", "embedded-4-S1-T2", "Fin" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A10", "VerbForm", "embedded-4-S1-T4", "Inf" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A11", "Definite", "embedded-4-S1-T6", "Def" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A12", "Gender", "embedded-4-S1-T6", "Masc" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A13", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T6", "Plur" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A14", "Gender", "embedded-4-S1-T7", "Masc" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A15", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T7", "Plur" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A16", "Gender", "embedded-4-S1-T9", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A17", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T9", "Plur" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A18", "Gender", "embedded-4-S1-T10", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A19", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T10", "Plur" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R0", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R1", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R2", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R3", "advcl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R4", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R5", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R6", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R7", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R8", "nmod:poss", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R9", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T10" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R10", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T11" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: elle" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: lutter" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: pour" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: échapper" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: à" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: le" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: tueur" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: à" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: son" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: trousses" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T11", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ." ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "embedded-4-S1-T1", "nsubj" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ],
    "text": "Elle lutte pour échapper à les tueurs à ses trousses .",
    "error": false
}

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# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 2 nsubj	color:blue
1	Les	le	DET	_	Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	2	det	_	_
2	compagnies	compagnie	NOUN	_	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	aériennes	aérien	ADJ	_	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	2	amod	_	_
4	à	à	ADP	_	_	6	case	_	_
5	bas	bas	ADJ	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	6	amod	_	_
6	coût	coût	NOUN	_	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	ne	ne	PART	_	_	8	neg	_	_
8	connaissent	connaître	VERB	_	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	pas	pas	ADV	_	_	8	neg	_	_
10	la	le	DET	_	Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	11	det	_	_
11	crise	crise	NOUN	_	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	8	dobj	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "DET", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "NOUN", [ [ 4, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "ADJ", [ [ 15, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "ADP", [ [ 25, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "ADJ", [ [ 27, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "NOUN", [ [ 31, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "PART", [ [ 36, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "VERB", [ [ 39, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T9", "ADV", [ [ 51, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T10", "DET", [ [ 55, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T11", "NOUN", [ [ 58, 63 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T12", "PUNCT", [ [ 64, 65 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-A1", "Definite", "embedded-5-S1-T1", "Def" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A2", "Gender", "embedded-5-S1-T1", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A3", "Number", "embedded-5-S1-T1", "Plur" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A4", "Gender", "embedded-5-S1-T2", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A5", "Number", "embedded-5-S1-T2", "Plur" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A6", "Gender", "embedded-5-S1-T3", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A7", "Number", "embedded-5-S1-T3", "Plur" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A8", "Gender", "embedded-5-S1-T5", "Masc" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A9", "Number", "embedded-5-S1-T5", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A10", "Gender", "embedded-5-S1-T6", "Masc" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A11", "Number", "embedded-5-S1-T6", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A12", "Mood", "embedded-5-S1-T8", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A13", "Number", "embedded-5-S1-T8", "Plur" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A14", "Person", "embedded-5-S1-T8", "3" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A15", "Tense", "embedded-5-S1-T8", "Pres" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A16", "VerbForm", "embedded-5-S1-T8", "Fin" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A17", "Definite", "embedded-5-S1-T10", "Def" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A18", "Gender", "embedded-5-S1-T10", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A19", "Number", "embedded-5-S1-T10", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A20", "Gender", "embedded-5-S1-T11", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-A21", "Number", "embedded-5-S1-T11", "Sing" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R0", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R2", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R3", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R4", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R5", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R6", "neg", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R7", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R8", "neg", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R9", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T11" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T10" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R10", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T11" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R11", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T12" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: le" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: compagnie" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: aérien" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: à" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: bas" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: coût" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ne" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: connaître" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: pas" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: le" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T11", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: crise" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T12", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ." ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "embedded-5-S1-T2", "nsubj" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ],
    "text": "Les compagnies aériennes à bas coût ne connaissent pas la crise .",
    "error": false
}

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 1 nsubj	color:blue
1	Dieu	Dieu	PROPN	_	_	3	nsubj	_	_
2	veuille	vouloir	AUX	_	Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	avoir	avoir	VERB	_	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	en	en	ADP	_	_	5	case	_	_
5	paix	paix	NOUN	_	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	ton	son	DET	_	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	âme	âme	NOUN	_	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	3	dobj	_	_
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	3	punct	_	_

---

nsubj in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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