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PRON: pronoun

Definition

Within the universal scheme, pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases and whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context. Pronouns under this definition function like nouns, which means that the term cannot be extended to words that substitute for adjectives or other POS categories, as is usually the case in Slovenian grammar. Instead, attributive pronouns are tagged as determiners.

For instance, to “this” is traditionally called pronoun in Slovenian grammar, regardless of its syntactic context. To make the annotation parallel across languages, it is now tagged PRON in To sem že slišal. “I have heard this before.” and as DET in To besedilo je nerazumljivo. “This text is incomprehensible.”

Examples

Conversion from JOS

All pronouns are converted to PRON, except for pronouns that function as attributes to nouns (through Attr dependency relation), which are converted to DET.


Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian)

There are 63 PRON lemmas (0%), 251 PRON types (1%) and 6951 PRON tokens (5%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 9 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: se, on, ta, jaz, kateri, ves, ti, kar, kaj, tisti

The 10 most frequent PRON types: se, to, ga, jih, si, jo, tem, mu, kaj, mi

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: on (PRON 1561, X 1), ta (PRON 807, DET 552), jaz (PRON 483, NOUN 2), kateri (PRON 287, DET 20), ves (DET 289, PRON 198, ADV 1), kar (PRON 153, ADV 106), kaj (PRON 152, ADV 21), tisti (PRON 79, DET 57), nekaj (DET 166, PRON 65, ADV 19), nič (PRON 63, ADV 19)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: to (PRON 273, DET 63), si (PRON 245, AUX 14, VERB 12), jo (PRON 224, X 1), tem (PRON 177, DET 96, NOUN 1, ADV 1), mu (PRON 158, X 2), kaj (PRON 110, ADV 20), kar (PRON 113, ADV 97), vse (PRON 88, DET 74, ADV 38), tega (PRON 99, DET 47), katerem (PRON 64, DET 2)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 3.984127 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.894262).

The 1st highest number of forms (24) was observed with the lemma “on”: ga, je, ji, jih, jim, jima, jo, ju, mu, nje, njega, njej, njem, njemu, njih, njiju, njim, njima, njimi, njo, on, ona, onadva, oni.

The 2nd highest number of forms (13) was observed with the lemma “jaz”: jaz, mano, me, mene, meni, menoj, mi, midva, naju, nam, nama, nami, nas.

The 3rd highest number of forms (11) was observed with the lemma “kateri”: katera, katere, katerega, katerem, kateremu, kateri, katerih, katerim, katerima, katerimi, katero.

PRON occurs with 10 features: sl-feat/PronType (6951; 100% instances), sl-feat/Case (4888; 70% instances), sl-feat/Number (4530; 65% instances), sl-feat/Variant (3917; 56% instances), sl-feat/Gender (3877; 56% instances), sl-feat/Reflex (2443; 35% instances), sl-feat/Person (2341; 34% instances), sl-feat/Poss (45; 1% instances), sl-feat/Number[psor] (23; 0% instances), sl-feat/Gender[psor] (11; 0% instances)

PRON occurs with 30 feature-value pairs: Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Gender[psor]=Fem, Gender[psor]=Masc, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Number[psor]=Plur, Number[psor]=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Poss=Yes, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Neg, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rel, PronType=Tot, Reflex=Yes, Variant=Bound, Variant=Short

PRON occurs with 274 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short (2062 tokens). Examples: se

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: sl-dep/expl (2298; 33% instances), sl-dep/dobj (1889; 27% instances), sl-dep/nmod (1436; 21% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (879; 13% instances), sl-dep/iobj (318; 5% instances), sl-dep/conj (41; 1% instances), sl-dep/root (41; 1% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (11; 0% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (10; 0% instances), sl-dep/acl (9; 0% instances), sl-dep/mwe (9; 0% instances), sl-dep/advcl (6; 0% instances), sl-dep/csubj (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (2; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: VERB (6026; 87% instances), NOUN (380; 5% instances), ADJ (376; 5% instances), PRON (78; 1% instances), ROOT (41; 1% instances), ADV (15; 0% instances), PROPN (14; 0% instances), NUM (10; 0% instances), ADP (5; 0% instances), DET (5; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)

5485 (79%) PRON nodes are leaves.

1188 (17%) PRON nodes have one child.

174 (3%) PRON nodes have two children.

104 (1%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 11.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 22 different relations: sl-dep/case (1143; 57% instances), sl-dep/acl (240; 12% instances), sl-dep/nmod (123; 6% instances), sl-dep/punct (84; 4% instances), sl-dep/cop (75; 4% instances), sl-dep/advmod (68; 3% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (57; 3% instances), sl-dep/amod (55; 3% instances), sl-dep/cc (43; 2% instances), sl-dep/conj (41; 2% instances), sl-dep/mark (15; 1% instances), sl-dep/aux (13; 1% instances), sl-dep/nummod (7; 0% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (6; 0% instances), sl-dep/csubj (5; 0% instances), sl-dep/dobj (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/mwe (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/advcl (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/expl (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: ADP (1131; 57% instances), VERB (294; 15% instances), NOUN (132; 7% instances), ADJ (94; 5% instances), PUNCT (84; 4% instances), PRON (78; 4% instances), CONJ (49; 2% instances), ADV (39; 2% instances), PART (30; 2% instances), SCONJ (30; 2% instances), AUX (13; 1% instances), NUM (8; 0% instances), PROPN (8; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian-SST)

There are 46 PRON lemmas (1%), 165 PRON types (3%) and 2594 PRON tokens (9%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 10 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: ta, se, jaz, on, kaj, ti, ves, tisti, nič, kar

The 10 most frequent PRON types: to, se, kaj, jaz, mi, ti, ga, jih, si, nič

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ta (PRON 613, DET 208), se (PRON 460, VERB 1), on (PRON 309, X 2), kaj (PRON 196, ADV 43, X 1), ti (PRON 194, X 1, INTJ 1), ves (PRON 54, DET 42), tisti (PRON 53, DET 32), nič (PRON 42, ADV 22), kar (ADV 70, PRON 37), nekaj (PRON 29, ADV 23, DET 11)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: to (PRON 489, DET 26, X 1), se (PRON 398, X 6), kaj (PRON 185, ADV 43, X 1), mi (PRON 116, X 1), ti (PRON 105, DET 10, INTJ 1, X 1), ga (PRON 60, X 1), si (PRON 48, AUX 39, VERB 32, X 1), nič (PRON 41, ADV 22), vse (PRON 41, DET 17, ADV 7), jo (PRON 37, INTJ 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 3.586957 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.575031).

The 1st highest number of forms (22) was observed with the lemma “on”: ga, je, ji, jih, jim, jo, mu, nje, njega, njej, njem, njemu, njih, njim, njima, njimi, njo, on, ona, onadva, one, oni.

The 2nd highest number of forms (12) was observed with the lemma “jaz”: jaz, mano, me, mene, meni, mi, midva, midve, nam, nama, nami, nas.

The 3rd highest number of forms (12) was observed with the lemma “ti”: tabo, te, tebe, tebi, ti, vaju, vam, vami, vas, vi, vidva, vidve.

PRON occurs with 8 features: sl-feat/PronType (2594; 100% instances), sl-feat/Case (2196; 85% instances), sl-feat/Number (2133; 82% instances), sl-feat/Gender (1635; 63% instances), sl-feat/Person (915; 35% instances), sl-feat/Variant (806; 31% instances), sl-feat/Number[psor] (20; 1% instances), sl-feat/Poss (20; 1% instances)

PRON occurs with 28 feature-value pairs: Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Number[psor]=Dual, Number[psor]=Plur, Number[psor]=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Poss=Yes, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Neg, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rel, PronType=Tot, Variant=Bound, Variant=Short

PRON occurs with 178 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is PronType=Prs|Variant=Short (398 tokens). Examples: se

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 23 different relations: sl-dep/nsubj (779; 30% instances), sl-dep/dobj (649; 25% instances), sl-dep/expl (463; 18% instances), sl-dep/nmod (231; 9% instances), sl-dep/root (134; 5% instances), sl-dep/iobj (82; 3% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (62; 2% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (35; 1% instances), sl-dep/conj:extend (32; 1% instances), sl-dep/conj (29; 1% instances), sl-dep/cc (16; 1% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (13; 1% instances), sl-dep/discourse (13; 1% instances), sl-dep/dislocated (12; 0% instances), sl-dep/acl (9; 0% instances), sl-dep/compound (8; 0% instances), sl-dep/mwe (8; 0% instances), sl-dep/advmod (5; 0% instances), sl-dep/advcl (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/appos (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/vocative (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:restart (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/amod (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: VERB (1924; 74% instances), NOUN (186; 7% instances), ROOT (134; 5% instances), ADJ (124; 5% instances), PRON (113; 4% instances), PROPN (23; 1% instances), X (23; 1% instances), AUX (15; 1% instances), NUM (15; 1% instances), ADV (14; 1% instances), PART (13; 1% instances), DET (5; 0% instances), ADP (4; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances)

2018 (78%) PRON nodes are leaves.

320 (12%) PRON nodes have one child.

116 (4%) PRON nodes have two children.

140 (5%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 9.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 32 different relations: sl-dep/case (229; 20% instances), sl-dep/advmod (153; 13% instances), sl-dep/acl (92; 8% instances), sl-dep/cop (80; 7% instances), sl-dep/punct (76; 6% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (72; 6% instances), sl-dep/discourse (70; 6% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (64; 5% instances), sl-dep/nmod (56; 5% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (40; 3% instances), sl-dep/cc (37; 3% instances), sl-dep/discourse:filler (34; 3% instances), sl-dep/mwe (22; 2% instances), sl-dep/conj (19; 2% instances), sl-dep/advcl (15; 1% instances), sl-dep/mark (15; 1% instances), sl-dep/amod (14; 1% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:discourse (12; 1% instances), sl-dep/appos (10; 1% instances), sl-dep/det (10; 1% instances), sl-dep/dobj (10; 1% instances), sl-dep/vocative (9; 1% instances), sl-dep/dislocated (8; 1% instances), sl-dep/compound (5; 0% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:restart (5; 0% instances), sl-dep/expl (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/nummod (4; 0% instances), sl-dep/aux (3; 0% instances), sl-dep/conj:extend (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), sl-dep/csubj (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: VERB (228; 19% instances), ADP (214; 18% instances), PRON (113; 10% instances), ADV (112; 10% instances), PART (91; 8% instances), NOUN (85; 7% instances), CONJ (68; 6% instances), X (61; 5% instances), PUNCT (45; 4% instances), ADJ (43; 4% instances), INTJ (41; 3% instances), SCONJ (27; 2% instances), PROPN (20; 2% instances), NUM (12; 1% instances), DET (10; 1% instances), AUX (3; 0% instances)


PRON in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]