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ADV: adverb

Definition

Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner. They may also modify adjectives and other adverbs, as in velmi významně  “very significantly” or prokazatelně chybný  “provably wrong”.

There is a closed subclass of pronominal adverbs that refer to circumstances in context, rather than naming them directly; similarly to pronouns, these can be categorized as interrogative, relative, demonstrative etc. Pronominal adverbs also get the ADV part-of-speech tag but they are differentiated by additional features.

In accord with the UD approach, adverbial ordinal numerals (poprvé, posedmé, postopadesáté)  are tagged ADV, although the traditional grammar classifies them as numerals. The same holds for multiplicative numerals (jednou, sedmkrát, stopadesátkrát). 

Note that Czech transgressives (also called adverbial participles) are tagged VERB, not ADV.

Examples

References


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)

There are 2351 ADV lemmas (4%), 2639 ADV types (2%) and 79997 ADV tokens (5%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADV is: 6 in number of lemmas, 6 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADV lemmas: tak, už, také, hodně, jak, včera, ještě, již, například, tedy

The 10 most frequent ADV types: tak, už, také, jak, včera, ještě, již, tedy, dnes, pak

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: tak (ADV 2354, CONJ 389), hodně (ADV 1842, DET 1), jak (ADV 1801, SCONJ 399, CONJ 52, PROPN 5), málo (ADV 700, DET 86, NOUN 40, PRON 24), třeba (ADJ 409, ADV 404), daleko (ADV 345, NOUN 1), co (PRON 1859, ADV 239, SCONJ 210, PART 21), proto (CONJ 950, ADV 229), trochu (ADV 194, NOUN 1), mnohem (ADV 193, PART 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: tak (ADV 2201, CONJ 358), jak (ADV 1350, SCONJ 222, CONJ 50, PROPN 5), již (ADV 1436, PRON 20), více (ADV 1022, DET 2), třeba (ADJ 408, ADV 372), tu (ADV 396, DET 101, PRON 27), možná (ADV 231, ADJ 32), vlastně (ADV 292, VERB 19), hlavně (ADV 230, NOUN 1), co (PRON 1187, ADV 233, SCONJ 207, PART 7)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADV is 1.122501 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.195950).

The 1st highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “málo”: málo, méně, míň, nejméně, nejmíň, nemálo, neméně.

The 2nd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “snadno”: nejsnadněji, nejsnáze, nesnadno, snadno, snadněji, snáz, snáze.

The 3rd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “brzy”: brzo, brzy, dřív, dříve, nejdřív, nejdříve.

ADV occurs with 8 features: cs-feat/Negative (25099; 31% instances), cs-feat/Degree (25055; 31% instances), cs-feat/Abbr (956; 1% instances), cs-feat/NumType (864; 1% instances), cs-feat/Style (129; 0% instances), cs-feat/PronType (123; 0% instances), cs-feat/Foreign (116; 0% instances), cs-feat/NameType (17; 0% instances)

ADV occurs with 16 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Degree=Sup, Foreign=Foreign, NameType=Com, NameType=Oth, NameType=Pro, Negative=Neg, Negative=Pos, NumType=Mult, NumType=Ord, PronType=Dem,Ind, PronType=Int,Rel, Style=Arch, Style=Coll

ADV occurs with 31 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (52984 tokens). Examples: tak, už, také, jak, včera, ještě, již, tedy, dnes, pak

Relations

ADV nodes are attached to their parents using 23 different relations: cs-dep/advmod (59353; 74% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (11780; 15% instances), cs-dep/cc (2434; 3% instances), cs-dep/conj (2334; 3% instances), cs-dep/dep (959; 1% instances), cs-dep/root (884; 1% instances), cs-dep/case (614; 1% instances), cs-dep/dobj (561; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (342; 0% instances), cs-dep/advcl (171; 0% instances), cs-dep/mark (170; 0% instances), cs-dep/appos (109; 0% instances), cs-dep/mwe (84; 0% instances), cs-dep/nsubjpass (46; 0% instances), cs-dep/foreign (39; 0% instances), cs-dep/discourse (34; 0% instances), cs-dep/iobj (24; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (19; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (17; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (16; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (5; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubjpass (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADV nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: VERB (47876; 60% instances), ADJ (11949; 15% instances), NOUN (11203; 14% instances), ADV (4163; 5% instances), NUM (1492; 2% instances), PROPN (1073; 1% instances), PRON (930; 1% instances), ROOT (884; 1% instances), DET (174; 0% instances), PART (78; 0% instances), SCONJ (78; 0% instances), CONJ (53; 0% instances), SYM (23; 0% instances), INTJ (12; 0% instances), PUNCT (5; 0% instances), ADP (4; 0% instances)

69796 (87%) ADV nodes are leaves.

7066 (9%) ADV nodes have one child.

1816 (2%) ADV nodes have two children.

1319 (2%) ADV nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADV node is 14.

Children of ADV nodes are attached using 26 different relations: cs-dep/punct (2977; 19% instances), cs-dep/advmod (2675; 17% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (2190; 14% instances), cs-dep/nmod (1949; 12% instances), cs-dep/conj (1430; 9% instances), cs-dep/cc (1280; 8% instances), cs-dep/advcl (961; 6% instances), cs-dep/dep (807; 5% instances), cs-dep/mwe (342; 2% instances), cs-dep/mark (283; 2% instances), cs-dep/appos (213; 1% instances), cs-dep/cop (192; 1% instances), cs-dep/case (162; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (107; 1% instances), cs-dep/neg (76; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (64; 0% instances), cs-dep/dobj (56; 0% instances), cs-dep/foreign (41; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux (18; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (18; 0% instances), cs-dep/amod (14; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (11; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (6; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (6; 0% instances), cs-dep/nummod (5; 0% instances), cs-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADV nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: ADV (4163; 26% instances), NOUN (3269; 21% instances), PUNCT (2977; 19% instances), CONJ (1466; 9% instances), VERB (926; 6% instances), PART (788; 5% instances), PRON (589; 4% instances), ADP (491; 3% instances), SCONJ (344; 2% instances), NUM (319; 2% instances), PROPN (304; 2% instances), ADJ (214; 1% instances), AUX (18; 0% instances), SYM (12; 0% instances), INTJ (4; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)

There are 1569 ADV lemmas (5%), 1755 ADV types (3%) and 27490 ADV tokens (6%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADV is: 5 in number of lemmas, 5 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADV lemmas: také, tak, jak, již, už, ještě, kde, pak, tedy, více

The 10 most frequent ADV types: tak, také, jak, již, už, ještě, pak, kde, tedy, velmi

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: tak (ADV 816, CONJ 217), jak (ADV 751, SCONJ 15, CONJ 2), třeba (ADV 438, ADJ 1), málo (ADV 281, DET 21, PRON 3, NOUN 1), co (PRON 525, ADV 166, SCONJ 16, PART 3, ADJ 1), daleko (ADV 93, NOUN 1), včetně (ADV 82, ADP 1), nedávno (ADV 29, NOUN 3), tolik (ADV 29, DET 21, PRON 9), moc (ADV 28, NOUN 28)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: tak (ADV 681, CONJ 212), jak (ADV 654, SCONJ 14, CONJ 2), již (ADV 528, PRON 5), třeba (ADV 428, ADJ 1), tu (ADV 186, DET 37, PRON 5), co (PRON 382, ADV 160, SCONJ 15, PART 1, ADJ 1), většinou (ADV 98, NOUN 6), celkem (ADV 82, NOUN 2), včetně (ADV 82, ADP 1), málo (ADV 67, DET 19, PRON 2, NOUN 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADV is 1.118547 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.206260).

The 1st highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “málo”: málo, méně, míň, nejméně, nejmíň, nemálo, neméně.

The 2nd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “brzy”: brzo, brzy, dřív, dříve, nejdřív, nejdříve.

The 3rd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “snadno”: nejsnáze, nesnadno, snadno, snadněji, snáz, snáze.

ADV occurs with 7 features: cs-feat/Negative (10722; 39% instances), cs-feat/Degree (10705; 39% instances), cs-feat/NumType (168; 1% instances), cs-feat/Style (61; 0% instances), cs-feat/PronType (46; 0% instances), cs-feat/Foreign (13; 0% instances), cs-feat/Abbr (10; 0% instances)

ADV occurs with 13 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Degree=Sup, Foreign=Foreign, Negative=Neg, Negative=Pos, NumType=Mult, NumType=Ord, PronType=Dem,Ind, PronType=Int,Rel, Style=Arch, Style=Coll

ADV occurs with 20 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (16582 tokens). Examples: tak, také, jak, již, už, ještě, pak, kde, velmi, třeba

Relations

ADV nodes are attached to their parents using 24 different relations: cs-dep/advmod (20326; 74% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (3485; 13% instances), cs-dep/cc (1124; 4% instances), cs-dep/conj (1093; 4% instances), cs-dep/root (420; 2% instances), cs-dep/case (266; 1% instances), cs-dep/dep (227; 1% instances), cs-dep/dobj (159; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (124; 0% instances), cs-dep/advcl (61; 0% instances), cs-dep/mark (57; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (41; 0% instances), cs-dep/appos (22; 0% instances), cs-dep/mwe (20; 0% instances), cs-dep/nsubjpass (18; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (17; 0% instances), cs-dep/discourse (11; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (11; 0% instances), cs-dep/cop (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubjpass (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADV nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: VERB (15243; 55% instances), ADJ (5023; 18% instances), NOUN (3911; 14% instances), ADV (1683; 6% instances), ROOT (420; 2% instances), NUM (399; 1% instances), PRON (347; 1% instances), PROPN (164; 1% instances), DET (97; 0% instances), SYM (84; 0% instances), SCONJ (79; 0% instances), PART (24; 0% instances), CONJ (7; 0% instances), AUX (5; 0% instances), PUNCT (2; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)

24020 (87%) ADV nodes are leaves.

2113 (8%) ADV nodes have one child.

675 (2%) ADV nodes have two children.

682 (2%) ADV nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADV node is 11.

Children of ADV nodes are attached using 26 different relations: cs-dep/advmod (1030; 17% instances), cs-dep/punct (925; 15% instances), cs-dep/cc (682; 11% instances), cs-dep/conj (656; 11% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (648; 10% instances), cs-dep/nmod (611; 10% instances), cs-dep/cop (377; 6% instances), cs-dep/csubj (314; 5% instances), cs-dep/advcl (301; 5% instances), cs-dep/dep (198; 3% instances), cs-dep/mwe (131; 2% instances), cs-dep/mark (111; 2% instances), cs-dep/appos (61; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (59; 1% instances), cs-dep/neg (26; 0% instances), cs-dep/dobj (22; 0% instances), cs-dep/case (20; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (16; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux (10; 0% instances), cs-dep/amod (7; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/foreign (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/nummod (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Children of ADV nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: ADV (1683; 27% instances), NOUN (1103; 18% instances), PUNCT (925; 15% instances), VERB (894; 14% instances), CONJ (683; 11% instances), PART (242; 4% instances), PRON (214; 3% instances), SCONJ (170; 3% instances), ADP (133; 2% instances), ADJ (63; 1% instances), NUM (54; 1% instances), PROPN (29; 0% instances), AUX (13; 0% instances), SYM (13; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)

There are 133 ADV lemmas (5%), 137 ADV types (3%) and 787 ADV tokens (2%). Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of ADV is: 5 in number of lemmas, 5 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent ADV lemmas: dále, zejména, popřípadě, jinak, pouze, kdy, pozdě, též, hodně, například

The 10 most frequent ADV types: dále, zejména, popřípadě, jinak, pouze, kdy, též, například, tak, více

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: tak (ADV 23, CONJ 1), včetně (ADP 47, ADV 7), uvnitř (ADV 3, ADP 1), jak (SCONJ 3, ADV 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: tak (ADV 23, CONJ 1), celkem (ADV 18, NOUN 2), tuto (DET 11, ADV 7), včetně (ADP 47, ADV 7), výše (NOUN 35, ADV 6), jednou (NUM 3, ADV 3), něm (ADJ 4, ADV 3), uvnitř (ADV 3, ADP 1), jak (SCONJ 3, ADV 2)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of ADV is 1.030075 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.764161).

The 1st highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “brzy”: dříve, nejdříve.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “hodně”: nejvíce, více.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “málo”: méně, nejméně.

ADV occurs with 4 features: cs-feat/Degree (285; 36% instances), cs-feat/Negative (285; 36% instances), cs-feat/NumType (14; 2% instances), cs-feat/Abbr (3; 0% instances)

ADV occurs with 8 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Degree=Sup, Negative=Neg, Negative=Pos, NumType=Mult, NumType=Ord

ADV occurs with 8 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (488 tokens). Examples: dále, zejména, popřípadě, jinak, pouze, kdy, též, například, tak, celkem

Relations

ADV nodes are attached to their parents using 12 different relations: cs-dep/advmod (449; 57% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (175; 22% instances), cs-dep/cc (72; 9% instances), cs-dep/conj (35; 4% instances), cs-dep/dep (31; 4% instances), cs-dep/case (11; 1% instances), cs-dep/dobj (5; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubjpass (3; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/appos (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/mark (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (1; 0% instances)

Parents of ADV nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: VERB (334; 42% instances), NOUN (302; 38% instances), ADJ (98; 12% instances), ADV (23; 3% instances), NUM (20; 3% instances), X (6; 1% instances), PRON (2; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)

706 (90%) ADV nodes are leaves.

38 (5%) ADV nodes have one child.

33 (4%) ADV nodes have two children.

10 (1%) ADV nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a ADV node is 8.

Children of ADV nodes are attached using 17 different relations: cs-dep/nmod (33; 22% instances), cs-dep/cc (25; 17% instances), cs-dep/conj (23; 15% instances), cs-dep/advcl (16; 11% instances), cs-dep/punct (16; 11% instances), cs-dep/case (8; 5% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (7; 5% instances), cs-dep/advmod (4; 3% instances), cs-dep/dep (4; 3% instances), cs-dep/mwe (3; 2% instances), cs-dep/appos (2; 1% instances), cs-dep/cop (2; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (2; 1% instances), cs-dep/amod (1; 1% instances), cs-dep/dobj (1; 1% instances), cs-dep/mark (1; 1% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (1; 1% instances)

Children of ADV nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: NOUN (44; 30% instances), ADV (23; 15% instances), CONJ (22; 15% instances), PUNCT (16; 11% instances), NUM (13; 9% instances), ADP (11; 7% instances), PRON (6; 4% instances), VERB (4; 3% instances), ADJ (3; 2% instances), PART (3; 2% instances), SCONJ (2; 1% instances), X (2; 1% instances)


ADV in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]