home en/dep edit page issue tracker

neg: negation modifier

The negation modifier is the relation between a negation word and the word it modifies. It is used both for predicate negation (canonically, not) and nominal negation (canonically no). Dependents labeled neg in the current treebank are the following (in various lowercase/uppercase forms): n, n’t, neither, never, no, non, not, nt, t.

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Bill is not a scientist
neg(scientist, not)
{
    "text": "Bill is not a scientist ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 14, 23 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "neg", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Bill does n't drive
neg(drive, n't)
{
    "text": "Bill does n't drive ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 19 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "neg", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
John saw no accidents
neg(accidents, no)
{
    "text": "John saw no accidents ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 21 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "neg", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

This relation is universal.

2629 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as neg.

2556 instances of neg (97%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.3575503993914.

The following 27 pairs of parts of speech are connected with neg: VERB-PART (1468; 56% instances), NOUN-DET (308; 12% instances), ADJ-PART (218; 8% instances), VERB-ADV (192; 7% instances), NOUN-PART (147; 6% instances), ADV-ADV (73; 3% instances), ADV-PART (59; 2% instances), ADJ-ADV (50; 2% instances), NOUN-ADV (42; 2% instances), AUX-PART (12; 0% instances), PRON-PART (11; 0% instances), PROPN-PART (10; 0% instances), PROPN-ADV (8; 0% instances), DET-ADV (5; 0% instances), DET-PART (4; 0% instances), ADJ-DET (3; 0% instances), NUM-ADV (3; 0% instances), PROPN-DET (3; 0% instances), ADJ-CONJ (2; 0% instances), NOUN-CONJ (2; 0% instances), NUM-DET (2; 0% instances), PRON-ADV (2; 0% instances), ADJ-X (1; 0% instances), CONJ-PART (1; 0% instances), INTJ-INTJ (1; 0% instances), NUM-PART (1; 0% instances), VERB-CONJ (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 4 neg	color:blue
1	Yet	yet	CONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	_	5	neg	_	_
5	charge	charge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	dobj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	evacuation	evacuation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 neg	color:blue
1	No	no	DET	DT	_	2	neg	_	_
2	communications	communication	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	nothing	nothing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 4 neg	color:blue
1	those	those	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	_	6	neg	_	_
5	even	even	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ESL)

This relation is universal.

1173 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as neg.

1120 instances of neg (95%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.34697357203751.

The following 21 pairs of parts of speech are connected with neg: VERB-PART (630; 54% instances), ADJ-PART (164; 14% instances), VERB-ADV (108; 9% instances), NOUN-PART (86; 7% instances), NOUN-DET (81; 7% instances), ADV-PART (28; 2% instances), ADV-ADV (15; 1% instances), ADJ-ADV (14; 1% instances), NOUN-ADV (10; 1% instances), PROPN-PART (10; 1% instances), PRON-PART (9; 1% instances), AUX-PART (5; 0% instances), ADV-DET (2; 0% instances), DET-PART (2; 0% instances), NUM-PART (2; 0% instances), PROPN-ADV (2; 0% instances), ADP-PART (1; 0% instances), NUM-ADV (1; 0% instances), NUM-DET (1; 0% instances), PRON-ADV (1; 0% instances), VERB-DET (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 13	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 13	fgColor:white
# visual-style 12	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 12	fgColor:white
# visual-style 12 13 neg	color:blue
1	_	_	PRON	EX	_	2	expl	_	_
2	_	_	VERB	VBZ	_	0	root	_	_
3	_	_	DET	DT	_	5	det	_	_
4	_	_	ADJ	JJ	_	5	amod	_	_
5	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	2	nsubj	_	_
6	_	_	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	_	_	VERB	VB	_	5	acl	_	_
8	_	_	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	_	_	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	_	_	DET	DT	_	11	det	_	_
11	_	_	NOUN	NNS	_	12	nsubj	_	_
12	_	_	VERB	VBP	_	2	advcl	_	_
13	_	_	PART	RB	_	12	neg	_	_
14	_	_	VERB	VB	_	12	xcomp	_	_
15	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	14	dobj	_	_
16	_	_	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 4 neg	color:blue
1	_	_	DET	PRP$	_	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	_	_	NOUN	NNS	_	5	nsubj	_	_
3	_	_	VERB	VBD	_	5	cop	_	_
4	_	_	PART	RB	_	5	neg	_	_
5	_	_	ADJ	JJ	_	0	root	_	_
6	_	_	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	_	_	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	_	_	VERB	VB	_	6	xcomp	_	_
9	_	_	DET	PRP$	_	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	8	dobj	_	_
11	_	_	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	13	compound	_	_
13	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	10	nmod	_	_
14	_	_	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
15	_	_	CONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
16	_	_	DET	DT	_	18	det	_	_
17	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	18	compound	_	_
18	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	20	nsubj	_	_
19	_	_	VERB	VBD	_	20	cop	_	_
20	_	_	ADJ	JJ	_	5	conj	_	_
21	_	_	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_

# visual-style 13	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 13	fgColor:white
# visual-style 14	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 14	fgColor:white
# visual-style 14 13 neg	color:blue
1	_	_	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
2	_	_	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	_	_	DET	DT	_	4	det	_	_
4	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	8	nmod	_	_
5	_	_	PRON	PRP	_	8	expl	_	_
6	_	_	VERB	VBZ	_	8	cop	_	_
7	_	_	PART	RB	_	8	neg	_	_
8	_	_	VERB	VBN	_	0	root	_	_
9	_	_	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	_	_	VERB	VBG	_	8	xcomp	_	_
11	_	_	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	_	_	DET	DT	_	15	det	_	_
13	_	_	ADV	RB	_	14	neg	_	_
14	_	_	VERB	VBG	_	15	compound	_	_
15	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	10	nmod	_	_
16	_	_	CONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
17	_	_	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	_	_	DET	DT	_	19	det	_	_
19	_	_	NOUN	NN	_	15	conj	_	_
20	_	_	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)

This relation is universal.

794 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as neg.

738 instances of neg (93%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.43073047858942.

The following 24 pairs of parts of speech are connected with neg: VERB-PART (455; 57% instances), NOUN-DET (79; 10% instances), ADJ-PART (70; 9% instances), NOUN-PART (53; 7% instances), VERB-ADV (51; 6% instances), ADV-PART (25; 3% instances), ADV-ADV (12; 2% instances), AUX-PART (10; 1% instances), PRON-PART (8; 1% instances), VERB-DET (5; 1% instances), ADJ-ADV (4; 1% instances), ADV-DET (3; 0% instances), AUX-ADV (3; 0% instances), NOUN-ADV (3; 0% instances), PROPN-PART (3; 0% instances), VERB-PRON (2; 0% instances), ADJ-DET (1; 0% instances), CONJ-PART (1; 0% instances), DET-PART (1; 0% instances), NOUN-PRON (1; 0% instances), PART-PART (1; 0% instances), PRON-DET (1; 0% instances), PUNCT-PART (1; 0% instances), SCONJ-PART (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 6 neg	color:blue
1	But	_	CONJ	_	_	2	cc	_	_
2	no	_	INTJ	_	_	7	discourse	_	_
3	,	_	PUNCT	Comma	_	2	punct	_	_
4	that	_	PRON	DEM-SG	_	7	nsubj	_	_
5	did	_	AUX	PAST-AUX	_	7	aux	_	_
6	not	_	PART	NEG	_	7	neg	_	_
7	seem	_	VERB	INF	_	0	root	_	_
8	possible	_	ADJ	POS	_	7	xcomp	_	_
9	.	_	PUNCT	Period	_	7	punct	_	_

# visual-style 12	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 12	fgColor:white
# visual-style 13	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 13	fgColor:white
# visual-style 13 12 neg	color:blue
1	Returning	_	VERB	ING	_	8	advcl	_	_
2	to	_	ADP	_	_	3	case	_	_
3	it	_	PRON	PERS-SG	_	1	nmod	_	_
4	next	_	ADJ	POS	_	5	amod	_	_
5	day	_	NOUN	SG	_	1	nmod	_	_
6	,	_	PUNCT	Comma	_	1	punct	_	_
7	I	_	PRON	PERS-P1SG-NOM	_	8	nsubj	_	_
8	found	_	VERB	PAST	_	0	root	_	_
9	Faulkner	_	PROPN	SG	_	8	dobj	_	_
10	guilty	_	ADJ	POS	_	8	xcomp	_	_
11	of	_	ADP	_	_	13	case	_	_
12	no	_	DET	NEG	_	13	neg	_	_
13	offense	_	NOUN	SG	_	10	nmod	_	_
14	.	_	PUNCT	Period	_	8	punct	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 4 neg	color:blue
1	His	_	PRON	P3SG-GEN	_	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	paper	_	NOUN	SG	_	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	_	VERB	PRES	_	5	cop	_	_
4	not	_	PART	NEG	_	5	neg	_	_
5	friendly	_	ADJ	POS	_	0	root	_	_
6	to	_	ADP	_	_	7	case	_	_
7	Israel	_	PROPN	SG	_	5	nmod	_	_
8	.	_	PUNCT	Period	_	5	punct	_	_

---

neg in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

© 2014 Universal Dependencies contributors. Site powered by Annodoc and brat

.