neg: negation modifier
In Finnish, negation is marked using the verb ei, which is used as an auxiliary and assigned the dependency relation neg. The most commonly negated elements are verbs and verb phrases, but occasional exceptions in verbless constructions are allowed.
If a conjunction or adverb has been merged together with ei, as in for instance ettei (että+ei “that+not”) or miksei (miksi+ei “why+not”), then the word is marked as a conjunction or an adverb rather than a negation verb. However, eikä “and+not”, when it appears alone and not coordinating another clause or phrase, is still marked as neg.
Hän ei sanonut mitään . \n He didn't say anything .
nsubj(sanonut-3, Hän-1)
neg(sanonut-3, ei-2)
dobj(sanonut-3, mitään-4)
punct(sanonut-3, .-5)
Diffs
FinnTreeBank (FI_FTB) is tokenized differently:
it treats ettei the same as että ei (“that not”),
miksei as miksi ei (“why not”) and so on,
as if they were two separate words.
Consequently, ei (“not”) represents a normal negation verb
in these combinations and gets annotated neg.
On the other hand, eikä (“and+not”) is treated as a single
token with a clitic particle (and also marked as neg).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This relation is universal.
1755 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as neg.
1749 instances of neg (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.96923076923077.
The following 8 pairs of parts of speech are connected with neg: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (1478; 84% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (120; 7% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (111; 6% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (32; 2% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
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1 Se se PRON Pron Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det _ _
2 sisäinen sisäinen ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 3 amod _ _
3 lapseni lapsi NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1 6 nsubj 7:nsubj _
4 ei ei VERB V Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 neg _ _
5 vaan vaan ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
6 suostu suostua VERB V Connegative=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
7 katoamaan kadota VERB V Case=Ill|InfForm=3|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 6 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . . PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
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1 Eivätkö ei VERB V Clitic=Ko|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 neg _ _
2 olekin olla VERB V Clitic=Kin|Connegative=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _
3 kivat kiva ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
4 ? ? PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ _
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1 - - PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
2 Ei ei VERB V Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 neg _ _
3 kun kun ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
4 ihan ihan ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
5 aikuisten aikuinen NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Plur 6 nmod:poss _ _
6 töissä työ NOUN N Case=Ine|Number=Plur 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This relation is universal.
2886 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as neg.
2875 instances of neg (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.01801801801802.
The following 8 pairs of parts of speech are connected with neg: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (2488; 86% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (189; 7% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (168; 6% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (25; 1% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (6; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
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1 ei ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg3 Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 neg _ _
2 voi voida VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,ConNeg Connegative=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 aux _ _
3 ajatellakhaa ajatella VERB V,Act,InfA,Lat,Kaan Case=Lat|Clitic=Kaan|InfForm=1|Style=Coll|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 varhmaan varmaan PART Pcle Style=Coll 3 advmod _ _
5 että että SCONJ Pcle,CS _ 9 mark _ _
6 ne ne PRON Pron,Dem,Pl,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 9 nsubj:cop _ _
7 ikinä ikinä ADV Adv _ 9 advmod _ _
8 olis olla VERB V,Act,Cond,Sg3 Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 9 cop _ _
9 vakinaisia vakinainen ADJ A,Pl,Par Case=Par|Number=Plur 3 ccomp _ _
10 . . PUNCT Pun _ 9 punct _ _
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1 Siinä se PRON Pron,Dem,Sg,Ine Case=Ine|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 nmod _ _
2 ei ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg3 Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 neg _ _
3 ollut olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg,ConNeg Connegative=Yes|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 yhtään yhtään ADV Adv _ 5 advmod _ _
5 aggressiivisuutta aggressiivisuus NOUN N,Sg,Par Case=Par|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
6 , , PUNCT Pun _ 5 punct _ _
7 eikä ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg3,Ka Clitic=Ka|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 8 neg _ _
8 taklauksia taklaus NOUN N,Pl,Par Case=Par|Number=Plur 5 conj _ _
9 . . PUNCT Pun _ 8 punct _ _
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1 Sinä sinä PRON Pron,Pers,Sg2,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj:cop _ _
2 et ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg2 Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 neg _ _
3 ole olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,ConNeg Connegative=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 cop _ _
4 yhtään yhtään ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
5 hänen hän DET Pron,Pers,Sg3,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 det _ _
6 näköisensä näköinen ADJ A,Sg,Nom,Px3 Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3 0 root _ _
7 ! ! PUNCT Pun _ 6 punct _ _
neg in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]