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Tense: tense

Tense is a feature of verbs.

Past: past tense

Examples

• Lui andò a casa “he went home”

Pres: present tense

The present tense denotes actions that are happening right now or that usually happen.

Examples

• Lui va a casa “he goes home”

Fut: future tense

Examples

• andrà a casa “he/she will go home”

Imp: imperfect

• andava a casa “he/she was going home”

Nar: narrative

Not used.

Pqp: pluperfect

Not used.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 4 different values: Fut, Imp, Past, Pres.

27591 tokens (10%) have a non-empty value of Tense. 6320 types (24%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense. 1908 lemmas (11%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense. The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: it-pos/VERB (20619; 8% instances), it-pos/AUX (6971; 3% instances), it-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances).

VERB

20619 it-pos/VERB tokens (78% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Tense co-occurred: Number=Sing (15205; 74%), Gender=EMPTY (12538; 61%), VerbForm=Fin (12172; 59%), Mood=Ind (11119; 54%), Person=3 (11023; 53%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Tense:

• Fut (442; 2% of non-empty Tense): sarà, saranno, vedrà, avrà, farà, vedremo, andrà, continuerà, diventerà, chiamerà
• Imp (1125; 5% of non-empty Tense): era, erano, aveva, fosse, chiamava, avevano, faceva, facevano, diceva, lavorava
• Past (9173; 44% of non-empty Tense): fatto, visto, stato, fu, stata, tenuto, avuto, detto, morì, dato
• Pres (9879; 48% of non-empty Tense): è, sono, ha, trova, hanno, fa, sia, chiama, dice, vede
• EMPTY (5883): essere, far, fare, vedere, dire, avere, dare, chiedere, pagare, andare

Paradigm essere	Pres	Fut	Past	Imp
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part			stato
Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part			stati
Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part			stata
Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part			state
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	sarei
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sarebbe
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	saremmo
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sarebbero
Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	sii
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	sono	sarò		ero
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	sei	sarai
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	è, e', É, E’, E`	sarà	fu	era
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	siamo	saremo		eravamo
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	siete			eravate
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sono, È	saranno	furono	erano
Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin				fossi
Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sia			fosse
Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin				fossimo
Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	siano			fossero

AUX

6971 it-pos/AUX tokens (93% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Tense co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (6412; 92%), Person=3 (5962; 86%), Mood=Ind (5644; 81%), Number=Sing (4977; 71%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Tense:

• Fut (143; 2% of non-empty Tense): sarà, potrà, dovrà, saranno, verrà, dovranno, potranno, avrà, verranno, dovremo
• Imp (534; 8% of non-empty Tense): era, aveva, erano, avevano, avesse, fosse, poteva, avevo, fossero, stava
• Past (816; 12% of non-empty Tense): stato, stata, venne, stati, fu, state, furono, dovuto, potuto, vennero
• Pres (5478; 79% of non-empty Tense): è, ha, sono, può, hanno, deve, possono, viene, sia, ho
• EMPTY (487): essere, aver, poter, esser, dover, avere, voler, essendo, venire, avendo

Paradigm essere	Pres	Fut	Past	Imp
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part			stato
Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part			stati
Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part			stata
Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part			state
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sarebbe
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	saremmo
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sarebbero
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	sono		Fui	ero
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	sei
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	è, E'	sarà	fu	era
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin	siamo			eravamo
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	siete
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sono, son	saranno	furono	erano
Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin				fossi
Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	sia			fosse
Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	siano			fossero

NOUN

1 it-pos/NOUN tokens (0% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Tense co-occurred: Gender=Masc (1; 100%), Number=Sing (1; 100%).

NOUN tokens may have the following values of Tense:

• Past (1; 100% of non-empty Tense): previsto
• EMPTY (53650): anni, presidente, parte, fondo, diritto, legge, proprietario, anno, caso, art.

Relations with Agreement in Tense

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Tense: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1186; 72%), AUX –[conj]–> AUX (3; 100%), VERB –[appos]–> VERB (1; 100%).

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Tense in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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