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VERB: verb

Definition

A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause.

In Slovenian, the VERB tag covers all verbs (including content, modal and copula verbs), except for the auxiliary verb biti “to be”, which is tagged as AUX.

Word forms that etymologically derive from verbs, but have different syntactic properties, such as adjectival participles (ukraden “stolen”, pokrit “covered”), transgressives (upoštevaje “taking into account”, začenši “starting”) and gerunds (govorjenje “speaking”, zavrnitev “rejection”, gretje “heating”), are marked as adjectives, adverbs or nouns respectively.

Examples

Conversion from JOS

All verbs with Type=main have been converted to VERB. Additionally, those instances of verb biti with Type=auxiliary that do not bear the PPart dependency relation to a main verb have also been converted to VERB.


Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian)

There are 2366 VERB lemmas (14%), 6133 VERB types (19%) and 17310 VERB tokens (12%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 4 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 3 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: biti, imeti, morati, iti, začeti, moči, priti, vedeti, dobiti, povedati

The 10 most frequent VERB types: je, so, bila, bil, bilo, ni, bo, ima, bili, gre

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: biti (AUX 7147, VERB 3788), peti (ADJ 6, VERB 5)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: je (AUX 3057, VERB 1508, PRON 14), so (AUX 1089, VERB 473), bila (VERB 259, AUX 4), bil (VERB 247, AUX 11), ni (AUX 247, VERB 239), bo (AUX 376, VERB 171), bili (VERB 111, AUX 6), mora (VERB 56, NOUN 2), pomeni (VERB 44, NOUN 1), niso (AUX 84, VERB 41)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 2.592139 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.894262).

The 1st highest number of forms (34) was observed with the lemma “biti”: Bodi, bi, bijejo, bil, bila, bile, bili, bilo, biti, bla, blo, bo, bodite, bodo, bom, bomo, bosta, boste, boš, je, ni, nisem, nisi, nismo, niso, nista, niste, sem, si, smo, so, sta, ste, sva.

The 2nd highest number of forms (21) was observed with the lemma “imeti”: ima, imajo, imam, imamo, imata, imate, imava, imaš, imejte, imel, imela, imele, imeli, imelo, imeti, nima, nimajo, nimam, nimamo, nimate, nimaš.

The 3rd highest number of forms (17) was observed with the lemma “hoteti”: Hočeš, Nočemo, hotel, hotela, hotele, hoteli, hoče, hočejo, hočem, hočemo, hočeta, hočete, noče, nočejo, nočem, nočete, nočeš.

VERB occurs with 8 features: sl-feat/VerbForm (17310; 100% instances), sl-feat/Number (15900; 92% instances), sl-feat/Aspect (12449; 72% instances), sl-feat/Mood (8257; 48% instances), sl-feat/Person (8256; 48% instances), sl-feat/Tense (7982; 46% instances), sl-feat/Gender (7644; 44% instances), sl-feat/Negative (3122; 18% instances)

VERB occurs with 22 feature-value pairs: Aspect=Imp, Aspect=Perf, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Negative=Neg, Negative=Pos, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Tense=Fut, Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part, VerbForm=Sup

VERB occurs with 110 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part (1563 tokens). Examples: povedal, dejal, postal, rekel, prišel, začel, dobil, odločil, vzel, dodal

Relations

VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 10 different relations: sl-dep/root (6202; 36% instances), sl-dep/cop (2820; 16% instances), sl-dep/acl (2009; 12% instances), sl-dep/conj (1555; 9% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (1220; 7% instances), sl-dep/advcl (1101; 6% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (969; 6% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (918; 5% instances), sl-dep/csubj (512; 3% instances), sl-dep/mwe (4; 0% instances)

Parents of VERB nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: ROOT (6202; 36% instances), VERB (5345; 31% instances), NOUN (2684; 16% instances), ADJ (2641; 15% instances), PRON (294; 2% instances), PROPN (127; 1% instances), NUM (13; 0% instances), X (2; 0% instances), ADV (1; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)

2936 (17%) VERB nodes are leaves.

718 (4%) VERB nodes have one child.

1322 (8%) VERB nodes have two children.

12334 (71%) VERB nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a VERB node is 13.

Children of VERB nodes are attached using 21 different relations: sl-dep/punct (12871; 20% instances), sl-dep/nmod (8534; 13% instances), sl-dep/advmod (7755; 12% instances), sl-dep/dobj (6834; 11% instances), sl-dep/aux (6435; 10% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (5523; 9% instances), sl-dep/mark (3914; 6% instances), sl-dep/expl (2292; 4% instances), sl-dep/cc (1798; 3% instances), sl-dep/conj (1494; 2% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (1298; 2% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (1193; 2% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (1137; 2% instances), sl-dep/advcl (1104; 2% instances), sl-dep/neg (632; 1% instances), sl-dep/iobj (603; 1% instances), sl-dep/csubj (278; 0% instances), sl-dep/discourse (51; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (10; 0% instances), sl-dep/dep (6; 0% instances), sl-dep/mwe (1; 0% instances)

Children of VERB nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (16220; 25% instances), PUNCT (12871; 20% instances), AUX (6429; 10% instances), PRON (6026; 9% instances), VERB (5345; 8% instances), ADV (4569; 7% instances), SCONJ (3695; 6% instances), PART (3174; 5% instances), CONJ (2650; 4% instances), PROPN (1557; 2% instances), ADJ (1063; 2% instances), NUM (109; 0% instances), X (28; 0% instances), ADP (16; 0% instances), INTJ (11; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian-SST)

There are 727 VERB lemmas (18%), 1484 VERB types (23%) and 4611 VERB tokens (16%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 2 in number of lemmas, 2 in number of types and 1 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: biti, imeti, vedeti, iti, reči, misliti, dati, priti, videti, morati

The 10 most frequent VERB types: je, so, vem, ni, veš, bilo, mislim, bil, bila, bo

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: biti (VERB 1348, AUX 1256), peti (ADJ 5, VERB 3), se (PRON 460, VERB 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: je (VERB 639, AUX 358, PRON 6, INTJ 3), so (VERB 125, AUX 117, X 2), ni (VERB 86, AUX 43, X 1), mislim (VERB 78, NOUN 1), bo (AUX 79, VERB 54), sem (AUX 174, VERB 33, ADV 4), si (PRON 48, AUX 39, VERB 32, X 1), pravi (VERB 30, ADJ 5), gre (VERB 28, X 1), smo (AUX 88, VERB 20)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 2.041265 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.575031).

The 1st highest number of forms (31) was observed with the lemma “biti”: bi, bil, bila, bile, bili, bilo, biti, bo, bodi, bodite, bodo, bojo, bom, bomo, bosta, bova, boš, je, ni, nisem, nisi, nismo, niso, niste, sem, si, smo, so, sta, ste, sva.

The 2nd highest number of forms (20) was observed with the lemma “imeti”: ima, imajo, imam, imamo, imata, imate, imava, imaš, imejte, imel, imela, imele, imeli, imeti, nima, nimajo, nimam, nimamo, nimate, nimaš.

The 3rd highest number of forms (19) was observed with the lemma “iti”: gre, gredo, grejo, grem, gremo, gresta, greste, greva, greš, ide, idem, ideš, iti, pojdi, šel, šla, šle, šli, šlo.

VERB occurs with 8 features: sl-feat/VerbForm (4611; 100% instances), sl-feat/Number (4328; 94% instances), sl-feat/Mood (3051; 66% instances), sl-feat/Person (3036; 66% instances), sl-feat/Aspect (2871; 62% instances), sl-feat/Tense (2824; 61% instances), sl-feat/Gender (1292; 28% instances), sl-feat/Negative (1278; 28% instances)

VERB occurs with 22 feature-value pairs: Aspect=Imp, Aspect=Perf, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Negative=Neg, Negative=Pos, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Tense=Fut, Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part, VerbForm=Sup

VERB occurs with 99 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin (639 tokens). Examples: je

Relations

VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 15 different relations: sl-dep/root (1473; 32% instances), sl-dep/cop (677; 15% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (654; 14% instances), sl-dep/conj (365; 8% instances), sl-dep/advcl (282; 6% instances), sl-dep/acl (261; 6% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (235; 5% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:discourse (223; 5% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (185; 4% instances), sl-dep/csubj (78; 2% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:restart (74; 2% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (74; 2% instances), sl-dep/mwe (20; 0% instances), sl-dep/conj:extend (6; 0% instances), sl-dep/dislocated (4; 0% instances)

Parents of VERB nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: VERB (1664; 36% instances), ROOT (1473; 32% instances), NOUN (592; 13% instances), ADJ (478; 10% instances), PRON (228; 5% instances), ADV (76; 2% instances), PROPN (47; 1% instances), NUM (22; 0% instances), X (17; 0% instances), PART (8; 0% instances), CONJ (2; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)

994 (22%) VERB nodes are leaves.

462 (10%) VERB nodes have one child.

607 (13%) VERB nodes have two children.

2548 (55%) VERB nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a VERB node is 17.

Children of VERB nodes are attached using 32 different relations: sl-dep/advmod (2595; 18% instances), sl-dep/dobj (1325; 9% instances), sl-dep/nmod (1174; 8% instances), sl-dep/nsubj (1096; 8% instances), sl-dep/aux (1085; 8% instances), sl-dep/discourse (922; 7% instances), sl-dep/mark (899; 6% instances), sl-dep/punct (805; 6% instances), sl-dep/parataxis (663; 5% instances), sl-dep/cc (658; 5% instances), sl-dep/expl (437; 3% instances), sl-dep/conj (361; 3% instances), sl-dep/discourse:filler (345; 2% instances), sl-dep/ccomp (304; 2% instances), sl-dep/neg (253; 2% instances), sl-dep/xcomp (239; 2% instances), sl-dep/advcl (234; 2% instances), sl-dep/reparandum (198; 1% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:discourse (139; 1% instances), sl-dep/iobj (84; 1% instances), sl-dep/parataxis:restart (70; 0% instances), sl-dep/csubj (50; 0% instances), sl-dep/vocative (48; 0% instances), sl-dep/dislocated (32; 0% instances), sl-dep/conj:extend (27; 0% instances), sl-dep/case (9; 0% instances), sl-dep/cc:preconj (8; 0% instances), sl-dep/nummod (6; 0% instances), sl-dep/acl (5; 0% instances), sl-dep/cop (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/det (2; 0% instances), sl-dep/mwe (2; 0% instances)

Children of VERB nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (2084; 15% instances), PRON (1924; 14% instances), ADV (1892; 13% instances), VERB (1664; 12% instances), PART (1593; 11% instances), AUX (1116; 8% instances), CONJ (935; 7% instances), SCONJ (875; 6% instances), X (628; 4% instances), INTJ (439; 3% instances), PUNCT (289; 2% instances), PROPN (268; 2% instances), ADJ (259; 2% instances), NUM (81; 1% instances), ADP (27; 0% instances), DET (3; 0% instances)


VERB in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]