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Number: number

Number is an inflectional feature of nouns and other parts of speech (adjectives, verbs) that mark agreement with nouns.

In Turkish, nouns (NOUN, PROP, PRON) and verbs may have the feature Number. Note that, the number agreement between a subject noun and the predicate is not straightforward. Plural nouns agree with predicates with both singular an plural marking, but singular nouns disagree with predicates with plural marking. When subject is present, the singular form of the verb is preferred. Otherwise, obligatory the person/number agreement marker indicates the Number feature of the subject (as well as Person).

In case plurality is indicated by a modifier, the noun does not get an explicit plural marker (see example 2 for Sing).

We mark Number=Plur only if there is an explicit morphological marker.

The Nuber feature should not be confused with Number[psor], which indicates the whether possessor of a noun is singular or plural.

Sing: singular number

A single person or thing. There is no morphological marker for singular for nouns and verbs in 3rd person singular form.

Examples

• bir elma ‘one/an apple’
• üc elma ‘three apples’ – note the missing plural marker. *üç elmalar is ungrammatical.
• okudum ‘(I) read-PAST’

Plur: plural number

More than one person or thing. On nouns plurality is indicated by suffix -lAr. Plurality on verbs is indicated by a set of person/number suffixes which vary depending on the previous suffixes.

Examples

• elmallar ‘apples’
• okuduk ‘(We) read-PAST’
• Öğrenciler kitap okuyacak(lar) ‘The students will read books’ – the plural marker on the verb is optional.
• Kitap okuyacaklar ‘(They) will read books’ – Plurality of the subject is inferred from the agreement marker on the verb

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 2 different values: Plur, Sing.

This is a layered feature with the following layers: Number, Number[psor].

30309 tokens (52%) have a non-empty value of Number. 14524 types (85%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Number. 4873 lemmas (83%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Number. The feature is used with 10 part-of-speech tags: tr-pos/NOUN (15733; 27% instances), tr-pos/VERB (6362; 11% instances), tr-pos/ADJ (2414; 4% instances), tr-pos/PROPN (2180; 4% instances), tr-pos/PRON (2148; 4% instances), tr-pos/AUX (955; 2% instances), tr-pos/NUM (320; 1% instances), tr-pos/ADP (194; 0% instances), tr-pos/X (2; 0% instances), tr-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances).

NOUN

15733 tr-pos/NOUN tokens (100% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Number co-occurred: Person=3 (15733; 100%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (10739; 68%), Person[psor]=EMPTY (10739; 68%), Case=Nom (8546; 54%).

NOUN tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (2316; 15% of non-empty Number): şeyler, gözleri, yıllar, çocuklar, insanların, duygularını, insanlar, ellerini, gözlerini, çocukları
• Sing (13417; 85% of non-empty Number): şey, zaman, gün, adam, gece, yıl, bilim, önem, ev, evet

Paradigm şey	Sing	Plur
Case=Abl	şeyden
Case=Acc	şeyi	şeyleri
Case=Acc|Person[psor]=1	şeyimi
Case=Acc|Person[psor]=3	şeyini
Case=Dat	şeye
Case=Gen	şeyin	şeylerin
Case=Nom	şey	şeyler
Case=Nom|Person[psor]=1	şeyim, şeyimiz
Case=Nom|Person[psor]=3	şeyi

VERB

6362 tr-pos/VERB tokens (58% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Number co-occurred: Case=EMPTY (6362; 100%), Person[psor]=EMPTY (6362; 100%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (6362; 100%), VerbForm=EMPTY (6271; 99%), Voice=EMPTY (5572; 88%), Negative=Pos (5481; 86%), Mood=Ind (5054; 79%), Register=EMPTY (5001; 79%), Person=3 (4239; 67%), Aspect=Perf (3884; 61%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (995; 16% of non-empty Number): bakın, bakalım, gidiyoruz, gidelim, girdik, gittik, biliyorsunuz, diyorlar, geldik, geldiniz
• Sing (5367; 84% of non-empty Number): dedi, dedim, değil, oldu, söyledi, olur, etti, geldi, var, verdi
• EMPTY (4695): olan, olduğunu, olduğu, gelen, eden, demek, yapılan, olması, olmadığını, yapan

Paradigm ol	Sing	Plur
Aspect=Imp|Evidentiality=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=AorPast	olmazmış
Aspect=Imp|Evidentiality=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=AorPast	olurmuş
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Abil|Negative=Neg|Person=1|Tense=Aor	olamam
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Abil|Negative=Neg|Person=1|Tense=AorPast	olamazdım
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Abil|Negative=Neg|Person=2|Tense=Aor	olamazsın
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Abil|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=Aor	olamaz
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Abil|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=AorPast	olamazdı
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Abil|Negative=Pos|Person=1|Tense=Aor	olabilirim
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Abil|Negative=Pos|Person=2|Tense=Aor	olabilirsin
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Abil|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Aor	olabilir
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Abil|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=AorPast	olabilirdi
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Cnd|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=Aor	olmazsa
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Cnd|Negative=Pos|Person=2|Tense=Aor	olursan
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Cnd|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Aor	olursa	olurlarsa
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Person=1|Tense=Aor	olmam
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=Aor	olmaz
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=1|Tense=Aor		oluruz
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=1|Tense=AorPast	olurdum
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=2|Tense=Aor	olursun
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Aor	olur	olurlar
Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=AorPast	olurdu
Aspect=Perf|Evidentiality=Nfh|Mood=Cnd|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Past		olmuşlarsa
Aspect=Perf|Evidentiality=Nfh|Mood=Gen|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Past	olmuştur	olmuşlardır
Aspect=Perf|Evidentiality=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=Past	olmamış
Aspect=Perf|Evidentiality=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Past	olmuş	olmuşlar
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Abil|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=Fut	olamayacak
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Abil|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Past	olabildi
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Cnd|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Fut	olacaksa
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Cnd|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Past	olduysa
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Negative=Neg|Person=1|Tense=Pres	olmasam
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Negative=Neg|Person=2|Tense=Pres		olmasanız
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=Pres		olmasalar
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Negative=Pos|Person=1|Tense=Past	olsaydım
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Negative=Pos|Person=1|Tense=Pres	olsam
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Past	olsaydı
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Des|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Pres	olsa
Aspect=Perf|Mood=GenNec|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Pres	olmalıdır
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Gen|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Fut	olacaktır
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=Pres	olmasın
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Person=2|Tense=Pres	ol	olun
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Pres	olsun
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Person=1|Tense=Fut		olmayacağız
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=Fut	olmayacak
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=FutPast	olmayacaktı
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=Past	olmadı
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=Pqp	olmamıştı
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=1|Tense=Fut		olacağız
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=1|Tense=Past	oldum	olduk
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=1|Tense=Pqp	olmuştum
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=2|Tense=Fut	olacaksın	olacaksınız
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=2|Tense=Past	oldun
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Fut	olacak	olacaklar
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=FutPast	olacaktı
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Past	oldu	oldular
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Pqp	olmuştu
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Nec|Negative=Pos|Person=1|Tense=Pres	olmalıyım	olmalıyız
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Nec|Negative=Pos|Person=2|Tense=Pres	olmalısın
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Nec|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Past	olmalıydı
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Nec|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Pres	olmalı
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Opt|Negative=Neg|Person=1|Tense=Pres		olmayalım
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Opt|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Tense=Pres	olmaya
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Opt|Negative=Pos|Person=1|Tense=Pres		olalım
Aspect=Perf|Mood=Opt|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Tense=Pres	ola
Aspect=Prog|Evidentiality=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Past	oluyormuş
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Abil|Negative=Pos|Person=2|Register=Inf|Tense=Pres	olabiliyorsun
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Abil|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Pres	olabiliyor
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass	olunmuyordu
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Pres	olmuyor	olmuyorlar
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=1|Register=Inf|Tense=Past	oluyordum
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=1|Register=Inf|Tense=Pres	oluyorum	oluyoruz
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=2|Register=Inf|Tense=Pres	oluyorsun	oluyorsunuz
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Past	oluyordu	oluyorlardı
Aspect=Prog|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Pres	oluyor	oluyorlar

ADJ

2414 tr-pos/ADJ tokens (42% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Number co-occurred: Person=3 (2414; 100%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (1484; 61%), Person[psor]=EMPTY (1484; 61%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (322; 13% of non-empty Number): erkekler, kadınlar, aralarında, kadınların, erkeklerin, Türkler, başkalarının, Çinliler, gençlerin, kadınları
• Sing (2092; 87% of non-empty Number): içinde, kadın, var, arasında, kız, yok, ortaya, arada, içine, yanında
• EMPTY (3296): var, yeni, büyük, iyi, aynı, son, başka, bütün, çok, yok

Paradigm ara	Sing	Plur
Case=Abl	aradan
Case=Abl|Person[psor]=1	Aramızdan
Case=Abl|Person[psor]=3	arasından	aralarından
Case=Acc|Person[psor]=1	Aramızı
Case=Dat	araya
Case=Dat|Person[psor]=1	aramıza
Case=Dat|Person[psor]=3	arasına
Case=Ins	arayla
Case=Loc	arada
Case=Loc|Person[psor]=1	aramızda, aramda
Case=Loc|Person[psor]=2	aranızda
Case=Loc|Person[psor]=3	arasında	aralarında
Case=Nom	ara	aralar
Case=Nom|Person[psor]=2	aran
Case=Nom|Person[psor]=3	arası

PROPN

2180 tr-pos/PROPN tokens (100% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which PROPN and Number co-occurred: Person=3 (2180; 100%), Case=Nom (1518; 70%).

PROPN tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (10; 0% of non-empty Number): Ali’lerin, Atila’lar, Aztek’lerin, Erkekler, Evenkler, KOBİ’ler, KİT’ler, Yukagirler, Özer’lerden, Özer’lerin
• Sing (2170; 100% of non-empty Number): Kerem, Türkiye, Ayhan, Kemal, Ramiz, Recep, Türkiye’nin, Mebrure, Gül, Naci

Paradigm Ali	Sing	Plur
Case=Acc	Ali'yi
Case=Dat	Ali'ye
Case=Gen	Ali'nin	Ali'lerin
Case=Nom	Ali

Number seems to be lexical feature of PROPN. 100% lemmas (807) occur only with one value of Number.

PRON

2148 tr-pos/PRON tokens (100% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Number co-occurred: Person[psor]=EMPTY (1802; 84%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (1802; 84%), Person=3 (1248; 58%), PronType=Prs (1189; 55%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (453; 21% of non-empty Number): biz, siz, bunlar, bize, bizim, onların, onlar, size, bunları, hepsi
• Sing (1695; 79% of non-empty Number): ben, o, ne, bana, beni, bu, onu, onun, benim, ona

Paradigm o	Sing	Plur
Case=Abl|PronType=Dem	ondan
Case=Abl|PronType=Prs	ondan	Onlardan
Case=Acc|PronType=Dem	onu	onları
Case=Acc|PronType=Prs	onu	onları
Case=Dat|PronType=Dem	ona	onlara
Case=Dat|PronType=Prs	ona	onlara
Case=Equ|PronType=Dem	onca
Case=Equ|PronType=Prs	onca
Case=Gen|PronType=Dem	onun	onların
Case=Gen|PronType=Prs	onun	onların
Case=Ins|PronType=Dem	onunla
Case=Ins|PronType=Prs	onunla
Case=Loc|PronType=Prs	onda	onlarda
Case=Nom|PronType=Dem	o, on	onlar
Case=Nom|PronType=Prs	o	onlar

AUX

955 tr-pos/AUX tokens (98% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Number co-occurred: Aspect=Perf (955; 100%), Person=3 (750; 79%), Mood=Ind (676; 71%), Tense=Pres (611; 64%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (94; 10% of non-empty Number): musunuz, lar, sınız, ız, ler, yız, iz, lerdir, ydik, yiz
• Sing (861; 90% of non-empty Number): mi, mı, dır, dir, ydi, dı, ydı, tu, mu, dur
• EMPTY (21): ken, yken, irerken, okurken

Paradigm i	Sing	Plur
Evidentiality=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Person=1|Tense=Past	ymışım	ymışız
Evidentiality=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Person=2|Tense=Past	mışsın
Evidentiality=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past	mış, ymiş, ymış, eymiş, miş, ymuş, müş, immiş, ostakoviç'miş, ayoşmuş, edenmiş
Evidentiality=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Trans	ymişçesine
Mood=Cnd|Person=1|Tense=Pres	sem
Mood=Cnd|Person=3|Tense=Pres	sa, se, yse, ysa, siyse, imse
Mood=Gen|Person=2|Tense=Pres		sinizdir
Mood=Gen|Person=3|Tense=Pres	dır, dir, dur, tir, tur, tır, dür, edir, tür, 'dır, ledir, ir, edendir, üdür	lerdir, lardır, dırlar, durlar, etinlerdir
Mood=Ind|Person=1|Tense=Past	ydim, ydım, tum, ydum, dım, dim, düm, tım, dum	ydik, ydık, dik, duk
Mood=Ind|Person=1|Tense=Pres	im, yim, yım, ım, yum, üm, akutistan'dayım	ız, yız, yiz, iz, yüz, yuz
Mood=Ind|Person=2|Tense=Past	erdeydin, ydin, din	ydınız
Mood=Ind|Person=2|Tense=Pres	sın, sin, eredesin, s'ın, sun, usevisin	sınız, imsiniz, sunuz, lırsınız, eredesiniz
Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Past	ydi, dı, ydı, tu, ydu, tı, di, ti, du, eydi, dü, 'di, 'tı, 'ydi, eredeydi, 'dı, ydü, 'ydı, tü	ydılar, ydiler, tılar, dular
Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Pres		lar, ler

NUM

320 tr-pos/NUM tokens (16% of all NUM tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which NUM and Number co-occurred: Person=3 (320; 100%), NumType=Card (300; 94%), Case=Nom (182; 57%).

NUM tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (13; 4% of non-empty Number): onlarla, 118’lere, 70’lere, elli’leri, onların, yirmilerinde
• Sing (307; 96% of non-empty Number): yüzde, bir, biri, iki, ikibiniki, otuz, bin, birincisi, on, altında
• EMPTY (1730): bir, iki, üç, bin, dört, on, beş, altı, milyon, İki

Paradigm on	Sing	Plur
Case=Acc|Person[psor]=2	on'unu
Case=Ins		onlarla
Case=Loc	on'da
Case=Nom	on
Case=Nom|Person[psor]=2		onların
Case=Nom|Person[psor]=3	on'u

Number seems to be lexical feature of NUM. 97% lemmas (97) occur only with one value of Number.

ADP

194 tr-pos/ADP tokens (9% of all ADP tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

ADP tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Plur (73; 38% of non-empty Number): lar, ler, ları, ların, kiler, kilerin, leri, lerin, kileri, kilere
• Sing (121; 62% of non-empty Number): lık, lik, a, ki, ı, e, ‘lik, i, ise, kinden
• EMPTY (2048): ki, için, gibi, diye, kadar, li, lı, olarak, sonra, önce

Paradigm ki	Sing	Plur
Case=Abl	kinden
Case=Acc	kini	kileri
Case=Dat	kine	kilere
Case=Gen		kilerin
Case=Loc	kinde
Case=Nom	ki, nki	kiler

X

2 tr-pos/X tokens (8% of all X tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

The most frequent other feature values with which X and Number co-occurred: Echo=EMPTY (2; 100%).

X tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Sing (2; 100% of non-empty Number): 1854’te, 4’ten
• EMPTY (23): pırıl, tıklım, fıkır, gürül, pıtır, takır, Abuk, apar, haşır, pörçük

CONJ

1 tr-pos/CONJ tokens (0% of all CONJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Number.

CONJ tokens may have the following values of Number:

• Sing (1; 100% of non-empty Number): mi
• EMPTY (2259): ve, de, da, ama, ki, ile, ya, ise, ancak, değil

Relations with Agreement in Number

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Number: NOUN –[nmod:poss]–> NOUN (1568; 78%), VERB –[nsubj]–> NOUN (1003; 64%), NOUN –[nmod]–> NOUN (849; 76%), VERB –[conj]–> VERB (728; 77%), NOUN –[conj]–> NOUN (627; 84%), VERB –[nsubj]–> PROPN (421; 86%), VERB –[nsubj]–> PRON (326; 82%), PROPN –[name]–> PROPN (320; 99%), NOUN –[nmod:poss]–> PROPN (302; 83%), VERB –[nmod]–> PRON (301; 54%).

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Number in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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