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cop: copulaIn copular clauses, the predicative acts as the head word of the clause, and the copular verb depends on it using a cop (copula) dependency. The only copular verb in the scheme for Greek is είμαι (be ).
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Ήταν από την Κρήτη .
cop(Κρήτη, Ήταν)
Ο Νίκος είναι πάνω .
nsubj(πάνω, Νίκος)
cop(πάνω, είναι)
The same label is used in Greek sentences (often in informal discourse or headlines), where deletion of είμαι may occur.
Φοβερό το γλυκό .
nsubj(Φοβερό, γλυκό)
Αμφίβολη η συμμετοχή της Γαλλίας .
nsubj(συμμετοχή, Αμφίβολη)
Whenever the copula has a clausal argument, ccomp is used, with the copula being the head.
Αυτό που μας ενδιαφέρει είναι να μην κινδυνέψουν
ccomp(είναι, κινδυνέψουν)
nsubj(είναι, Αυτό)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Greek)
This relation is universal.
855 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as cop.
786 instances of cop (92%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.18362573099415.
The following 6 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: ADJ -VERB (377; 44% instances), NOUN -VERB (372; 44% instances), VERB -VERB (66; 8% instances), PRON -VERB (18; 2% instances), NUM -VERB (12; 1% instances), ADV -VERB (10; 1% instances).
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1 Πολλοί πολύς ADJ ADJ Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _
2 από από ADP ADP _ 3 case _ _
3 αυτούς αυτός PRON PRON Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem 1 det _ _
4 κινδυνεύουν κινδυνεύω VERB VERB Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
5 να να PART PART _ 7 aux _ _
6 μείνουν μένω VERB VERB Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Act 7 cop _ _
7 άστεγοι άστεγος ADJ ADJ Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 ccomp _ _
8 " " PUNCT PUNCT _ 4 punct _ _
9 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 4 punct _ _
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1 Είναι είμαι VERB VERB Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass 3 cop _ _
2 ένα ένας PRON PRON Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 3 det _ _
3 πλέγμα πλέγμα NOUN NOUN Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
4 έργων έργο NOUN NOUN Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _
5 το ο PRON PRON Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 6 det _ _
6 οποίο οποίος PRON PRON Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _
7 μεταξύ μεταξύ ADP ADP _ 8 case _ _
8 άλλων άλλος PRON PRON Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Ind 9 nmod _ _
9 περιλαμβάνει περιλαμβάνω VERB VERB Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 3 acl:relcl _ _
10 : : PUNCT PUNCT _ 3 punct _ _
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1 η ο PRON PRON Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 Ομάδα ομάδα NOUN NOUN Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _
3 μας μου PRON PRON Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nmod _ _
4 είναι είμαι VERB VERB Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass 8 cop _ _
5 υπέρ υπέρ ADP ADP _ 8 case _ _
6 του ο PRON PRON Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
7 να να PART PART _ 8 aux _ _
8 αποκτήσουμε αποκτώ VERB VERB Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
9 καθεστώς καθεστώς NOUN NOUN Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 8 dobj _ _
10 βουλευτών βουλευτής NOUN NOUN Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _
11 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 8 punct _ _
cop in other languages:
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