cop

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`cop`: copula

In Irish, there is a distinction between the substantive verb bí `to be’, which inflects for tense, mood and person as per all Irish verbs – and the copula is, which only has two tensed forms - present/future and past/conditional.

Bí, as a verb, uses separate particles in negative and interrogative constructions. Is (copula) uses its own forms in these constructions. For example:

ba (conditional/ past - positive)
ar (past/ interrogative - positive)
nach (present/ future - interrogative/ negative)
ní (present/ future - negative)

The order of elements in a copula construction is in general: copula, predicate (new or focussed information), and subject

cop is used to link the copula verb is and its predicate. See xcomp:pred to see how the verb bí is linked to a predicate.

Examples

#### equative construction

Is múinteoir é ‘He is a teacher’



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
Is múinteoir é \n is teacher him
cop(múinteoir, Is)
{
    "text": "Is múinteoir é \n is teacher him ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 17, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 20, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 28, 31 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

idiomatic expressions

Ba mhaith liom gan fanacht ‘I would like not to stay’



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
Ba mhaith liom gan fanacht \n Be good with_me without staying
cop(mhaith, Ba)
{
    "text": "Ba mhaith liom gan fanacht \n Be good with_me without staying ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 29, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 32, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 37, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 45, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 53, 60 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

cleft constructions

Is iad a bheidh ina gcomhaltaí de na coistí sin ‘It is they who will be members of those committees’

Is iad a bheidh ina gcomhaltaí de na coistí sin \n Is they who will_be in_their members of the committees that
cop(iad,Is)

ownership constructions

An leatsa é? ‘Is it yours?’

An leatsa é ? \n Is with_you it ?
cop(leatsa, An)

Treebank Statistics (UD_Irish)

This relation is universal.

373 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as cop.

368 instances of cop (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.23592493297587.

The following 11 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: NOUN-VERB (144; 39% instances), ADJ-VERB (126; 34% instances), ADP-VERB (46; 12% instances), PRON-VERB (35; 9% instances), PROPN-VERB (10; 3% instances), ADV-VERB (4; 1% instances), ADJ-PART (3; 1% instances), VERB-VERB (2; 1% instances), ADP-SCONJ (1; 0% instances), DET-VERB (1; 0% instances), X-VERB (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 1 cop	color:blue
1	An	is	VERB	Cop	Mood=Int|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Cop	4	cop	_	_
2	iad	iad	PRON	Pers	Number=Plur|Person=3	4	nmod	_	_
3	na	na	DET	Art	Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	daoine	duine	NOUN	Noun	Case=Com|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	siúd	siúd	DET	Det	PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
6	na	na	DET	Art	Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	buaiteoirí	buaiteoir	NOUN	Noun	Case=Com|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
8	?	?	PUNCT	?	_	4	punct	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 cop	color:blue
1	Ba	is	VERB	Cop	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Cop	2	cop	_	_
2	léir	léir	ADJ	Adj	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	dó	do	ADP	Prep	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3	2	nmod:prep	_	_
4	misneach	misneach	NOUN	Noun	Case=Com|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	agus	agus	CONJ	Coord	_	4	cc	_	_
6	dúshlán	dúshlán	NOUN	Noun	Case=Com|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	céadach	céadach	ADJ	Adj	Case=Com|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	6	amod	_	_
8	na	na	DET	Art	Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	seacht	seacht	NUM	Num	NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	dtúr	túr	NOUN	Noun	Case=Gen|Form=Ecl|Gender=Masc|NounType=Weak|Number=Plur	4	compound	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 cop	color:blue
1	B'	is	VERB	Cop	Form=VF|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Cop	2	cop	_	_
2	in	i	ADP	Simp	_	0	root	_	_
3	é	é	PRON	Pers	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3	2	nmod	_	_
4	an	an	DET	Art	Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	uair	uair	NOUN	Noun	Case=Com|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	a	a	PART	Vb	PartType=Vb|PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	baineadh	bain	VERB	VTI	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|Voice=Auto	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	an	an	DET	Art	Definite=Def|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gheit	geit	NOUN	Noun	Case=Com|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	7	dobj	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	Simp	_	11	case	_	_
11	Pádhraic	Pádhraic	PROPN	Noun	Case=Com|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_