Person: person
Person is a feature of personal and possessive pronouns, and of verbs. On verbs it is in fact an agreement feature that marks the person of the verb’s subject. Person marked on verbs makes it unnecessary to always add a personal pronoun as subject and thus subjects are sometimes dropped (Czech is a pro-drop language).
1: first person
In singular, the first person refers just to the speaker / author. In plural, it must include the speaker and one or more additional persons.
Examples
- dělám “I do”
- děláme “we do”
2: second person
In singular, the second person refers to the addressee of the utterance / text. In plural, it may mean several addressees and optionally some third persons too.
Examples
- děláš “you.
Singdo” - děláte “you.
Plurdo”
3: third person
The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.
Examples
- dělá “he/she/it does”
- dělají “they do”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.
108587 tokens (7%) have a non-empty value of Person.
9572 types (7%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
3740 lemmas (6%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/VERB (76683; 5% instances), cs-pos/AUX (11357; 1% instances), cs-pos/PRON (11269; 1% instances), cs-pos/DET (9278; 1% instances).
VERB
76683 cs-pos/VERB tokens (46% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (76681; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (76681; 100%), Voice=Act (75724; 99%), Mood=Ind (75722; 99%), Tense=Pres (74167; 97%), Negative=Pos (67221; 88%), Number=Sing (54532; 71%), Aspect=EMPTY (41111; 54%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(6860; 9% of non-emptyPerson): máme, jsem, jsme, mám, můžeme, myslím, musíme, chceme, musím, nevím2(1682; 2% of non-emptyPerson): viz, můžete, máte, buď, jste, chcete, myslíte, najdete, potřebujete, buďte3(68141; 89% of non-emptyPerson): je, jsou, má, není, může, mají, bude, musí, jde, lzeEMPTY(88951): byl, být, bylo, řekl, měl, byla, měla, mít, uvedl, měli
| Paradigm být | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abbr=Yes|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | j | ||
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | bych | ||
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Style=Coll | bysme | ||
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur | bychom | ||
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur | Nebuďte | ||
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Style=Arch | buď | ||
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing | buď | budiž | |
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur | Buďme | buďte | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | Není | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudu | nebudeš | nebude |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nejsem | není | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nésó | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudeme | nebudete | nebudou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nejsme | nejste | nejsou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jest | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | si | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budu | bude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsem | jsi | je |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budeme | budete | budou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsme | jste | jsou |
AUX
11357 cs-pos/AUX tokens (55% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (11357; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (11357; 100%), Voice=Act (7893; 69%), Mood=Ind (7893; 69%), Negative=Pos (7377; 65%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(4067; 36% of non-emptyPerson): jsem, jsme, bychom, bych, budeme, budu, nebudeme, nebudu, nejsme, budem2(378; 3% of non-emptyPerson): jste, byste, budete, jsi, nebudete, budeš, bys, Nebudeš, si3(6912; 61% of non-emptyPerson): by, bude, budou, je, jsou, nebude, nebudou, není, nejsou, býváEMPTY(9438): by, byl, byla, být, bylo, byly, byli, nebyl, nebyla, nebyly
| Paradigm být | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | bych | bys | |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur | bychom | byste | |
| Mood=Cnd | by | ||
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing | budiž | ||
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Style=Arch | budiž | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudu | Nebudeš | nebude |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | není | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudeme | nebudete | nebudou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nejsme | nejsou | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | si | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budu | budeš | bude |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsem | jsi | je |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budem | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budeme | budete | budou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsme | jste | jsou |
PRON
11269 cs-pos/PRON tokens (16% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: Reflex=EMPTY (11269; 100%), PronType=Prs (11259; 100%), Variant=EMPTY (9251; 82%), Gender=EMPTY (6687; 59%), Number=Sing (5834; 52%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(3468; 31% of non-emptyPerson): nás, nám, mi, já, mě, my, mne, námi, mně, mnou2(470; 4% of non-emptyPerson): vám, vás, vy, vámi, ty, tě, ti, you, tobě, Your3(7331; 65% of non-emptyPerson): je, nich, mu, ji, ho, jim, ní, něj, jej, jíEMPTY(61150): se, to, si, které, který, která, co, tím, kteří, tom
Person seems to be lexical feature of PRON. 100% lemmas (22) occur only with one value of Person.
DET
9278 cs-pos/DET tokens (33% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: Poss=Yes (9278; 100%), Reflex=EMPTY (9278; 100%), PronType=Prs (8630; 93%), Gender=EMPTY (5892; 64%), Case=EMPTY (5406; 58%), Number=EMPTY (4995; 54%), Gender[psor]=EMPTY (4946; 53%), Number[psor]=Sing (4765; 51%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(2582; 28% of non-emptyPerson): naše, našich, naší, náš, našeho, naši, našem, můj, mého, moje2(256; 3% of non-emptyPerson): vaše, vaší, váš, vašeho, vaši, vašem, vašich, vašimi, vaším, tvá3(6440; 69% of non-emptyPerson): jeho, jejich, její, jejichž, jehož, jejím, jejíž, jejího, jejích, jejímžEMPTY(18541): své, této, tento, tohoto, svou, tato, těchto, tyto, svého, svých
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (5222; 59%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (72; 56%),
PRON –[acl]–> PRON (1; 100%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.
40952 tokens (8%) have a non-empty value of Person.
5610 types (9%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
2552 lemmas (9%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/VERB (28970; 6% instances), cs-pos/AUX (4596; 1% instances), cs-pos/DET (3886; 1% instances), cs-pos/PRON (3500; 1% instances).
VERB
28970 cs-pos/VERB tokens (55% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (28970; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (28970; 100%), Mood=Ind (28504; 98%), Voice=Act (28504; 98%), Tense=Pres (28131; 97%), Negative=Pos (26306; 91%), Number=Sing (18704; 65%), Aspect=EMPTY (15315; 53%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(3365; 12% of non-emptyPerson): můžeme, máme, musíme, jsme, chceme, mám, nemůžeme, známe, myslím, nazýváme2(672; 2% of non-emptyPerson): viz, můžete, máte, víte, najdete, překonej, jste, nechte, nemáte, znáte3(24933; 86% of non-emptyPerson): je, jsou, má, není, mají, musí, může, jde, lze, budeEMPTY(23973): být, bylo, byl, byla, byly, mít, měl, měla, byli, mohli
| Paradigm být | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing | Nebuď | ||
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing | buď | budiž | |
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur | buďme | buďte | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudu | nebude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nejsem | není | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudeme | nebudou | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nejsme | nejste | nejsou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jest | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | seš | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budu | bude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsem | jsi | je |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budeme | budete | budou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsme | jste | jsou |
AUX
4596 cs-pos/AUX tokens (75% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (4596; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (4596; 100%), Voice=Act (2528; 55%), Mood=Ind (2528; 55%), Negative=Pos (2406; 52%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(1234; 27% of non-emptyPerson): jsme, jsem, bychom, budeme, bych, budu, nebudeme, nebudu2(114; 2% of non-emptyPerson): jste, byste, budete, jsi, nebudete, bys, budeš, nebudeš, si3(3248; 71% of non-emptyPerson): by, je, bude, jsou, budou, není, nebudou, nebude, nejsou, býváEMPTY(1561): bylo, byla, byl, byly, být, byli, nebyly, nebyl, nebyla, nebylo
| Paradigm být | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | bych | bys | |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur | bychom | byste | |
| Mood=Cnd | by | ||
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing | budiž | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudu | nebudeš | nebude |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | není | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudeme | nebudete | nebudou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nejsou | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budu | budeš | bude |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsem | jsi, si | je |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budeme | budete | budou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsme | jste | jsou |
DET
3886 cs-pos/DET tokens (35% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: Reflex=EMPTY (3886; 100%), Poss=Yes (3886; 100%), PronType=Prs (3547; 91%), Gender=EMPTY (2394; 62%), Gender[psor]=EMPTY (2327; 60%), Case=EMPTY (2242; 58%), Number[psor]=Plur (2236; 58%), Number=EMPTY (2064; 53%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(1168; 30% of non-emptyPerson): naší, naše, našeho, našich, našem, naši, náš, naším, mého, můj2(89; 2% of non-emptyPerson): vaše, vaší, vašeho, vaši, váš, vašich, vašem, vašemu, Vašimi, tvoje3(2629; 68% of non-emptyPerson): jejich, jeho, její, jehož, jejichž, jejíž, jejím, jejího, jejích, jejímžEMPTY(7202): této, své, těchto, tyto, tento, tohoto, tato, tomto, svou, některých
PRON
3500 cs-pos/PRON tokens (14% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: Reflex=EMPTY (3499; 100%), PronType=Prs (3491; 100%), Variant=EMPTY (3010; 86%), Gender=EMPTY (2196; 63%), Number=Plur (1873; 54%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(1020; 29% of non-emptyPerson): nás, nám, mi, já, my, mě, mne, mně, námi, mnou2(193; 6% of non-emptyPerson): vám, vás, vy, ti, tě, ty, vámi, tebe, tebou, sis3(2287; 65% of non-emptyPerson): je, nich, ji, jim, mu, ho, ní, jej, ně, němEMPTY(20889): se, to, které, si, který, která, tím, co, všech, všechny
Person seems to be lexical feature of PRON. 100% lemmas (11) occur only with one value of Person.
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (2751; 71%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (14; 78%),
VERB –[foreign]–> PRON (1; 100%),
VERB –[vocative]–> PRON (1; 100%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 1 different values: 3.
2167 tokens (6%) have a non-empty value of Person.
369 types (8%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
227 lemmas (9%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/VERB (1806; 5% instances), cs-pos/DET (216; 1% instances), cs-pos/AUX (74; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON (71; 0% instances).
VERB
1806 cs-pos/VERB tokens (72% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (1806; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (1806; 100%), Mood=Ind (1806; 100%), Voice=Act (1806; 100%), Tense=Pres (1802; 100%), Negative=Pos (1566; 87%), Number=Sing (1197; 66%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
3(1806; 100% of non-emptyPerson): je, jsou, obsahuje, rozumí, může, uvede, mohou, není, nejsou, použijíEMPTY(711): vést, použít, stanoveno, být, mít, účtovat, došlo, odpisovat, uvést, sestavena
Person seems to be lexical feature of VERB. 100% lemmas (224) occur only with one value of Person.
DET
216 cs-pos/DET tokens (36% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: Poss=Yes (216; 100%), PronType=Prs (195; 90%), Case=EMPTY (189; 88%), Gender=EMPTY (184; 85%), Number=EMPTY (180; 83%), Number[psor]=Sing (111; 51%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Person:
3(216; 100% of non-emptyPerson): jejich, jeho, její, jejichž, jejího, jehož, jejím, jejímž, jejích, jejímiEMPTY(379): této, tohoto, těchto, tyto, tato, tento, tomto, tuto, toto, tímto
AUX
74 cs-pos/AUX tokens (44% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: Animacy=EMPTY (74; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (74; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (74; 100%), Mood=Ind (58; 78%), Voice=Act (58; 78%), Negative=Pos (45; 61%), Tense=Pres (40; 54%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
3(74; 100% of non-emptyPerson): by, je, nejsou, jsou, bude, budou, neníEMPTY(96): být, byly, byl, by, nebyly, byla, bylo, nebyl, nebyla
PRON
71 cs-pos/PRON tokens (6% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: Reflex=EMPTY (71; 100%), PronType=Prs (71; 100%), Variant=EMPTY (70; 99%), Number=Sing (36; 51%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
3(71; 100% of non-emptyPerson): jej, je, jim, jí, ji, nich, ní, jimi, nimi, něEMPTY(1141): se, které, která, který, to, kterých, kterým, kterém, kterému, nichž
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (171; 84%),
VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (57; 59%),
VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (27; 87%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (1; 100%),
VERB –[csubjpass]–> VERB (1; 100%).
Person in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]