cop

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`cop`: copula

A copula is the relation between a subject complement and a copular verb or copular suffix. We always mark copula as dependent of the subject complement.

In Turkish, the auxiliary verb ol- and in some constructions the negative particle değil act like a free copula. The main means of forming copular constructions, however, is through the bound morpheme -(y), and (infrequently) its clitic form i-. Since the morpheme -(y) consists only of a “buffer” consonant, in some morphological contexts, it is not realized.

Copular morphemes carry features, e.g., Number, Person, that may conflict with the complement they are attached to. Furthermore, the copular suffixes can also attach to verbal nouns, causing conflicting dependency relations besides more feature conflicts. As a result, all copular markers, including the “zero copula” are considered as a separate syntactic tokens.



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
Güzel olacak . \n (He\/she\/it) will be beautiful
cop(Güzel, olacak)
{
    "text": "Güzel olacak . \n (He/she/it) will be beautiful ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 17, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 29, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 34, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 37, 46 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
Güzel idi . (He\/she\/it) was beautiful
cop(Güzel, idi)
{
    "text": "Güzel idi . (He/she/it) was beautiful ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 24, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 28, 37 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

Güzel –di . (He\/she\/it) was beautiful
cop(Güzel, –di)

Güzel –im . \n I am beautiful
cop(Güzel, –im)

Güzel –0 . \n He\/she\/it is beautiful (–0 represents the zero morpheme)
cop(Güzel, –0)

When an overt subject is present, it is headed by the subject complement (not the copula).

Kitap güzel –0 . \n The book is nice\/beautiful 
cop(güzel, –0)
nsubj(güzel, Kitap)

Kitap güzel olacak . \n The book will be nice\/beautiful
cop(güzel, olacak)
nsubj(güzel, Kitap)

Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)

This relation is universal.

864 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as cop.

863 instances of cop (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 1.05902777777778.

The following 15 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: NOUN-AUX (309; 36% instances), ADJ-AUX (256; 30% instances), PRON-AUX (60; 7% instances), ADV-AUX (52; 6% instances), NOUN-VERB (50; 6% instances), VERB-AUX (44; 5% instances), ADJ-VERB (36; 4% instances), VERB-VERB (20; 2% instances), ADP-AUX (18; 2% instances), PROPN-AUX (11; 1% instances), PRON-VERB (3; 0% instances), ADV-VERB (2; 0% instances), DET-VERB (1; 0% instances), NUM-AUX (1; 0% instances), NUM-VERB (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 4 cop	color:blue
1	Bir	bir	NUM	ANum	NumType=Card	2	det	_	_
2	yasaklamanın	yasakla	VERB	Verb	Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Ger	3	nmod	_	_
3	içinde	içinde	NOUN	Noun	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3	0	root	_	_
4	ydik	i	AUX	Zero	Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past	3	cop	_	_
5	.	.	PUNCT	Punc	_	3	punct	_	_

# visual-style 10	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 10 cop	color:blue
1	Rokfor'un	Rokfor	PROPN	Prop	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=3	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	efsanesi	efsane	NOUN	Noun	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3	9	conj	_	_
3	:	:	PUNCT	Punc	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Vaktiyle	vakit	NOUN	Noun	Case=Ins|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3	9	nmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	Punc	_	9	punct	_	_
6	genç	genç	ADJ	Adj	_	8	amod	_	_
7	bir	bir	NUM	ANum	NumType=Card	8	det	_	_
8	çoban	çoban	NOUN	Noun	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3	9	nsubj	_	_
9	var	var	ADJ	NAdj	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3	0	root	_	_
10	mış	i	AUX	Zero	Aspect=Perf|Evidentiality=Nfh|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past	9	cop	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	Punc	_	9	punct	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 cop	color:blue
1	?	kim	PRON	Ques	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3	4	ccomp	_	_
2	imsiniz	i	AUX	Zero	Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres	1	cop	_	_
3	?	?	PUNCT	Punc	_	4	punct	_	_
4	dedi	de	VERB	Verb	Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past	0	root	_	_
5	bir	bir	NUM	ANum	NumType=Card	6	det	_	_
6	erkek	erkek	ADJ	NAdj	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	sesi	ses	NOUN	Noun	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person=3|Person[psor]=3	4	nsubj	_	_
8	.	.	PUNCT	Punc	_	4	punct	_	_

cop in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

cop: copula

Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)

`cop`: copula