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cop: copulaA copula is the relation between the nominal predicate and
the copular verb быть бывал, был ).
The verb становиться “to become”, despite being counted among copular verbs by some authors,
is not analyzed as cop.
We normally take a copula as a dependent of its complement (the nominal predicate).
The nominal predicate is usually a noun , an adjective
or a participle .
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Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)
This relation is universal.
544 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as cop.
434 instances of cop (80%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.13419117647059.
The following 6 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: NOUN -VERB (352; 65% instances), ADJ -VERB (157; 29% instances), NUM -VERB (27; 5% instances), ADJ -NOUN (5; 1% instances), PROPN -VERB (2; 0% instances), NOUN -ADP (1; 0% instances).
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1 Правый _ ADJ JJL Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
2 фланг _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _
3 был _ VERB VBC Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past 5 cop _ _
4 также _ CONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _
5 уязвим _ ADJ JJH Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
6 . _ PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _
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1 Был _ VERB VBC Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past 2 cop _ _
2 одним _ NUM CD Animacy=Anim|Case=Ins|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
3 из _ ADP IN _ 4 case _ _
4 организаторов _ NOUN NN Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _
5 борьбы _ NOUN NN Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _
6 с _ ADP IN _ 7 case _ _
7 филлоксерой _ NOUN NN Animacy=Anim|Case=Ins|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
8 . _ PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)
This relation is universal.
5083 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as cop.
3726 instances of cop (73%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.86700767263427.
The following 18 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cop: ADJ -AUX (2242; 44% instances), NOUN -AUX (1583; 31% instances), NOUN -NOUN (530; 10% instances), ADV -AUX (499; 10% instances), PRON -AUX (76; 1% instances), ADJ -NOUN (37; 1% instances), VERB -NOUN (34; 1% instances), VERB -AUX (24; 0% instances), NUM -AUX (17; 0% instances), PRON -NOUN (11; 0% instances), SCONJ -AUX (10; 0% instances), ADV -NOUN (6; 0% instances), SYM -AUX (5; 0% instances), NOUN -PART (4; 0% instances), SCONJ -NOUN (2; 0% instances), PART -AUX (1; 0% instances), PART -NOUN (1; 0% instances), SYM -NOUN (1; 0% instances).
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1 Алгоритм АЛГОРИТМ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _
2 должен ДОЛЖЕН ADJ _ Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Variant=Brev 0 root _ _
3 быть БЫТЬ AUX _ Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf 4 cop _ _
4 применим ПРИМЕНИМЫЙ ADJ _ Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Variant=Brev 2 dobj _ _
5 к К ADP _ _ 7 case _ _
6 разным РАЗНЫЙ ADJ _ Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 7 amod _ _
7 наборам НАБОР NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 dobj _ _
8 исходных ИСХОДНЫЙ ADJ _ Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 9 amod _ _
9 данных ДАННЫЕ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _
10 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _
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1 Для ДЛЯ ADP _ _ 2 case _ _
2 этого ЭТО NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
3 есть БЫТЬ AUX _ Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 2 cop _ _
4 внешний ВНЕШНИЙ ADJ _ Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 amod _ _
5 повод ПОВОД NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _
6 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _
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1 Но НО CONJ _ _ 5 cc _ _
2 главное ГЛАВНОЕ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _
3 - - PUNCT - _ 2 punct _ _
4 это ЭТО NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 5 cop _ _
5 эффективность ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
6 государства ГОСУДАРСТВО NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
7 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _
cop in other languages:
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