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VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative

Principally, VerbForm is an inflectional feature of verbs and auxiliaries, however, it is also used as a lexical feature of some adjectives and adverbs.

Fin: finite verb

Verbs that have a non-empty Mood are considered finite.

Examples

• študiram, študiraš, študira “I study, you study, he/she/it studies”
• študiraj, študirajmo, študirajte “study!-sing, let’s study!, study!-plur”
• bom, boš, bo “I will, you will, he/she/it will”
• bi “would”

Inf: infinitive

Infinitive is the citation form of verbs and it appears as the argument of modal and other verbs.

Examples

• študirati “to study”
• biti “to be”

Part: participle

Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives. We distinguish two groups of participles: l-participles that can either be classified as verbs or adjectives, and all other participles (usually ending in -č, -n, or -t) that are always classified as adjectives, regardless of whether they are used as attributes or predicates.

As verbs, L-participles are used to form the past and future tense, and the conditional mood in present or past tense. As adjectives, both groups of participles can be used either as noun attributes (ukradena denarnica “stolen wallet”), as subject complements (denarnica je ukradena “the wallet is stolen”) or in passive constructions (denarnica je bila ukradena “the wallet has been stolen”).

Examples

• zgorel, zgorelo, zgorela, zgoreli “burned” (past participle in different genders and numbers)
• zgorel, zgorelega, zgorelemu, zgorelega … “burnt” (participial adjective in different genders, numbers and cases)
• ukraden, ukradenega, ukradenemu, ukradenega …“stolen” (participial adjective in different genders, numbers and cases)

Trans: transgressive

The transgressive, also called adverbial participle, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs. In Slovenian, transgressives are always marked as adverbs.

Examples

• rekoč “having said”
• sodeč “judging”
• upoštevaje “taking into account”
• nevede “unknowingly”

Conversion from JOS

All verbs with feature VForm=present, VForm=future, VForm=conditional and VForm=imperative are converted to UD VerbForm=Fin. All verbs with VForm=Infinitive are converted to UD VerbForm=Inf, all verbs with VForm=Supine are converted to UD VerbForm=Supine, and all verbs with VForm=Participle are converted to UD VerbForm=Part. Additionally, all adjectives with Type=participle are converted to UD VerbForm=Part and all adverbs with Type=participle are converted to UD VerbForm=Trans.

Note that gerunds are currently marked as nouns and do not have a special VerbForm feature to distinguish them from other common nouns.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 5 different values: Fin, Inf, Part, Sup, Trans.

26404 tokens (19%) have a non-empty value of VerbForm. 8051 types (26%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. 3135 lemmas (19%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: sl-pos/VERB (17310; 12% instances), sl-pos/AUX (7147; 5% instances), sl-pos/ADJ (1929; 1% instances), sl-pos/ADV (18; 0% instances).

VERB

17310 sl-pos/VERB tokens (100% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and VerbForm co-occurred: Negative=EMPTY (14188; 82%), Number=Sing (10198; 59%), Gender=EMPTY (9666; 56%), Tense=EMPTY (9328; 54%), Person=EMPTY (9054; 52%), Mood=EMPTY (9053; 52%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Fin (8257; 48% of non-empty VerbForm): je, so, ni, bo, ima, gre, imajo, mora, pomeni, zdi
• Inf (1391; 8% of non-empty VerbForm): biti, videti, slišati, pomagati, razumeti, imeti, reči, narediti, vedeti, dobiti
• Part (7644; 44% of non-empty VerbForm): bila, bil, bilo, bili, imel, bile, moral, povedal, imela, imeli
• Sup (18; 0% of non-empty VerbForm): delat, organizirat, spat, gledat, iskat, krpat, mižat, odpotovat, osvobodit, pogledat

Paradigm delati	Fin	Inf	Sup	Part
		delati	delat
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing				delal
Gender=Masc|Number=Dual				delala
Gender=Masc|Number=Plur				delali
Gender=Fem|Number=Sing				delala
Gender=Fem|Number=Plur				delale
Gender=Neut|Number=Sing				delalo
Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=1	delajmo
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres	dela
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres	delamo
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres	delate
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres	delajo

AUX

7147 sl-pos/AUX tokens (100% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and VerbForm co-occurred: Mood=Ind (6240; 87%), Negative=Pos (5809; 81%), Tense=Pres (5426; 76%), Person=3 (5345; 75%), Number=Sing (4216; 59%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Fin (7126; 100% of non-empty VerbForm): je, so, bi, bo, sem, ni, bodo, sta, smo, niso
• Part (21; 0% of non-empty VerbForm): bil, bili, bila

Paradigm biti	Fin	Part
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing		bil
Gender=Masc|Number=Dual		bila
Gender=Masc|Number=Plur		bili
Gender=Fem|Number=Sing		bila
Mood=Cnd	bi, b
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres	nisem
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres	nisi
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres	ni
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Dual|Person=1|Tense=Pres	nisva
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Dual|Person=3|Tense=Pres	nista
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres	nismo
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres	niste
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres	niso
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut	bom
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres	sem
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres	si, as
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut	bo
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres	je
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=1|Tense=Fut	bova
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=1|Tense=Pres	sva
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=2|Tense=Pres	sta
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=3|Tense=Fut	bosta
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=3|Tense=Pres	sta
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut	bomo
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres	smo
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Fut	boste
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres	ste
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut	bodo, bojo
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres	so

ADJ

1929 sl-pos/ADJ tokens (13% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and VerbForm co-occurred: Degree=Pos (1929; 100%), Definite=EMPTY (1565; 81%), Number=Sing (1162; 60%), Case=Nom (1085; 56%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Part (1929; 100% of non-empty VerbForm): znani, prepričan, znano, določene, pripravljeni, zaposlenih, prepričani, zaposleni, pripravljen, sprejet
• EMPTY (13098): drugi, mogoče, prvi, druge, sam, novo, drugih, nove, različnih, slovenski

VerbForm seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 100% lemmas (757) occur only with one value of VerbForm.

ADV

18 sl-pos/ADV tokens (0% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADV and VerbForm co-occurred: Degree=EMPTY (18; 100%).

ADV tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Trans (18; 100% of non-empty VerbForm): rekoč, sodeč, Molče, hote, nehote, neupoštevaje, nevede, sklicujoč, stoje, upoštevaje
• EMPTY (6921): lahko, tako, zelo, kako, bolj, vedno, potem, kar, zdaj, najbolj

VerbForm seems to be lexical feature of ADV. 100% lemmas (12) occur only with one value of VerbForm.

Relations with Agreement in VerbForm

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in VerbForm: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1173; 86%), VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (697; 72%), VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (637; 68%), AUX –[conj]–> VERB (1; 100%), VERB –[mwe]–> VERB (1; 100%).

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian-SST)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 5 different values: Fin, Inf, Part, Sup, Trans.

6054 tokens (21%) have a non-empty value of VerbForm. 1638 types (27%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. 843 lemmas (21%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: sl-pos/VERB (4611; 16% instances), sl-pos/AUX (1256; 4% instances), sl-pos/ADJ (186; 1% instances), sl-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances).

VERB

4611 sl-pos/VERB tokens (100% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and VerbForm co-occurred: Negative=EMPTY (3333; 72%), Gender=EMPTY (3319; 72%), Number=Sing (3074; 67%), Mood=Ind (2824; 61%), Tense=Pres (2733; 59%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Fin (3051; 66% of non-empty VerbForm): je, so, vem, ni, veš, mislim, bo, recimo, ima, sem
• Inf (250; 5% of non-empty VerbForm): biti, narediti, reči, iti, videti, delati, imeti, priti, kupiti, pomagati
• Part (1292; 28% of non-empty VerbForm): bilo, bil, bila, imela, rekel, imeli, šla, bili, imel, rekla
• Sup (18; 0% of non-empty VerbForm): delat, jest, ponavljat, žegnat, gledat, izpeljat, naročit, osvajat, peljat, preverjat

Paradigm delati	Fin	Inf	Sup	Part
		delati	delat
Gender=Masc|Number=Sing				delal
Gender=Masc|Number=Plur				delali
Gender=Fem|Number=Sing				delala
Gender=Fem|Number=Plur				delale
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres	delam
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres	delaš
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres	dela
Mood=Ind|Number=Dual|Person=3|Tense=Pres	delata
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres	delamo
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres	delate
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres	delajo

AUX

1256 sl-pos/AUX tokens (100% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and VerbForm co-occurred: Mood=Ind (1122; 89%), Negative=Pos (1044; 83%), Tense=Pres (914; 73%), Number=Sing (755; 60%), Person=3 (634; 50%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Fin (1256; 100% of non-empty VerbForm): je, sem, bi, so, smo, bo, bomo, ni, si, ste

ADJ

186 sl-pos/ADJ tokens (11% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and VerbForm co-occurred: Degree=Pos (186; 100%), Case=Nom (139; 75%), Definite=EMPTY (138; 74%), Number=Sing (131; 70%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Part (186; 100% of non-empty VerbForm): vnet, preverjeno, znan, odprta, pozdravljeni, rečeno, imenovana, imenovani, narejeno, ostali
• EMPTY (1479): dobro, drugo, prvi, drugi, dober, zanimivo, druga, drugega, glavnem, lep

VerbForm seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 100% lemmas (115) occur only with one value of VerbForm.

ADV

1 sl-pos/ADV tokens (0% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADV and VerbForm co-occurred: Degree=EMPTY (1; 100%).

ADV tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Trans (1; 100% of non-empty VerbForm): rekoč
• EMPTY (3050): tako, zdaj, a, pol, kako, lahko, tam, kar, potem, res

Relations with Agreement in VerbForm

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in VerbForm: VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (321; 70%), VERB –[conj]–> VERB (236; 80%), VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (134; 68%), VERB –[ccomp]–> VERB (121; 54%), VERB –[parataxis:discourse]–> VERB (102; 74%), VERB –[reparandum]–> VERB (51; 94%), VERB –[parataxis:restart]–> VERB (41; 71%), ADJ –[conj]–> ADJ (5; 63%), AUX –[reparandum]–> AUX (1; 100%).

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VerbForm in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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